Taxonomy:

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Taxonomy

• The Classification of Organisms

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(No Transcript)
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How Do We Classify?

• Three methods have been used
• Traditional classification groups based on
  physical similarities
• Evolutionary classification groups based on
  evolutionary history
• Molecular classification groups based on
  similarities in DNA or RNA

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Appendages
Conical Shells
Crustaceans
Gastropod
Crab
Crab
Limpet
Limpet
Barnacle
Barnacle
Molted exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION
EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION
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Taxonomic Categories (Taxon)

• Domain (Do)
• Kingdom (Keep)
• Phylum (Police)
• Class (Cars)
• Order (Off)
• Family (Floridas)
• Genus (Great)
• Species (Streets)

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Taxon each level of organization

• Which is the most inclusive taxon?

Which is the least inclusive taxon?
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3 Domains

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

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The Domains Kingdoms
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Two types of cellsEukaryotes Prokaryotes

• Prokaryotes(Domains Archaea and Bacteria)
• All are unicellular
• No membrane-bound organelles
• DNA located in the cytoplasm (NO nucleus)
• Eukaryotes (Domain Eukarya)
• Multicellular or unicellular
• Have membrane-bound organelles
• DNA located in the nucleus

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6 Kingdoms

• Eubacteria---- E.coli
• Archaebacteria.. Live in extreme environments
• Protista--- Amoeba sp.
• Fungi---- Morrels
• Plantae---- Pinus ponderosa
• Animalia---- Homo sapiens

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The Domains Kingdoms

• DOMAIN BACTERIA
• Eubacteria ex E.coli
• DOMAIN ARCHAEA
• Archaebacteria ex extreme bacteria
• DOMAIN EUKARYA
• Protista ex Amoeba sp.
• Fungi ex Morel mushrooms
• Plantae ex Pinus ponderosa
• Animalia ex Homo sapiens

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Heterotrophs Autotrophs

• Autotrophs organisms that make their own food
  from sunlight or chemicals
• All plants
• Some bacteria, some protists (algae)
• Heterotrophs organisms that rely on other
  organisms for their food supply
• All fungi, all animals
• Some bacteria, some protists (Amoeba sp.)

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The Three Domains

• Bacteria
• Archaea
• Eukarya

• There are two types of cells in this world
• PROKARYOTES
• EUKARYOTES

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The Taxonomic Categories

• Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus (genera)
• Species

• Eukarya
• Animalia
• Chordata
• Mammalia
• Carnivora
• Ursidae
• Ursus
• Ursus arctos

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Review

• The classification of organisms is called
• What is the difference between prokaryotes and
  eukaryotes?
• An organism that make their own food using
  sunlight or chemicals is a(n)______.
• An organism that relies on other organisms for
  their food source is ________________.
• List the eight taxonomic categories, from most
  inclusive to least inclusive.
• Which domain(s) include the prokaryotes?
• The six kingdoms are
• The kingdom that only includes eukaryotic
  autotrophs is

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Review

• What type of classification is based on physical
  characteristics?
• What is the difference between prokaryotes and
  eukaryotes?
• An organism that makes its own food using
  sunlight or chemicals is a(n) ________________.
• An organism that relies on other organisms for
  their food source is a(n)________________.
• List the eight taxonomic categories, from most
  inclusive to least inclusive.
• Which domain(s) include the prokaryotes?
• The six kingdoms are
• The kingdom that only includes eukaryotic
  autotrophs is

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Figure 18-12, p. 459
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• What is the main difference between the domains
  Bacteria Archaea?
• Which domain includes only eukaryotes?
• Which kingdom includes only organisms without
  cell walls?
• Which kingdom includes Amoeba and Paramecium?
• Which two kingdoms include heterotrophs?
• Which kingdom includes halophiles (and
  thermophiles)?
• Which kingdom includes organisms that all have
  chloroplasts?

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• Grizzly Spider Polar
• Corn Bear
  Monkey Bear
• Kingdom Plantea Animalia
  Animalia Animalia
• Phylum Anthophyta
  Chordata Chordata Chordata
• Class Monocotyledones Mammalia
  Mammalia Mammalia
• Order Commelinales Carnivora
  Primates Carnivora
• Family Poaceae Ursidae Atelidae
  Ursidae
• Genus Zea Ursus
  Ateles Ursus
• Species Zea mays Ursus arctos
  Ateles Ursus
• paniscus maritimus