Definition and Art of Logistics

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Definition and Art of Logistics
The purpose of this training module is to provide
an overview of logistics from an operational
perspective. Logistics provides the foundation
of our combat power and can be described as a
bridge connecting a nations economy to its
warfighting forces.
LOGISTICS
WAR- FIGHTING FORCES
NATIONS ECONOMY
Plan
Execute
ART OF LOGISTICS
MOVEMENT AND DEPLOYMENT EFFORTS
SUSTAINMENT EFFORTS
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Levels of Logistic Support
There are three levels of war strategic,
operational, and tactical, each requiring
logistical planning. All levels are
interrelated, involve combat service support and
affect the sustainability of forces in the combat
zone.
Supported and Supporting Commanders Logistic
Staffs
The Services and Subordinate Commanders
The Joint Staff and Services
STRATEGIC
OPERATIONAL
TACTICAL
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Principles of Logistics
The following logistic principles are not a
checklist, but a guide for analytical thinking
and prudent planning
Simplicity
Attainability
Flexibility
PRINCIPLES OF LOGISTICS
Responsiveness
Economy
Survivability
Sustainability
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Logistic Functions
Logistic support requirements involve six broad
functional areas
General Engineering
Transportation
Nonmateriel Support Activities
Health Services
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Responsibilities of Commanders of Combatant
Commands
Commanders of combatant commands may exercise
directive authority for logistics, or delegate
directive authority for a common support activity
to a subordinate joint force commander.
Health Service Support
Supply
Theater Distribution Network
Field Services
Theater Maintenance Salvage
C4I Support
Facilities Engineering Base Development
Geographic Combatant Commanders Logistic
Responsibilities
Security Assistance
Air. Land and Sea Transport
Host-Nation Support
Counter- Intelligence Support
Procurement
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Joint and Multinational Support Responsibilities
and Requirements
Logistics is also a function of command. For a
given area and for a given mission, a single
command authority should be responsible for
logistics.
National Command Authorities
Multinational Command Relationships
Combatant Commander
Joint Command Relationships
Joint Support
US Policy
Multinational Support
JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT
MULTINATIONAL LOGISTIC SUPPORT
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
Strategic
Operational
Tactical
LEVELS OF WAR
LEVELS OF WAR
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Combatant Commanders Logistic Concept
Joint theater logistics is applying logistic
resources to generate and support theater combat
power. Combatant commanders must ensure that
their campaign plans fully integrate operational
and logistic capabilities.
Combatant Commanders
Service Component Commander
Service Component Commander
Resources
Resources
LOGISTICS
Service Component Commander
Service Component Commander
Resources
Resources
Theater Logistic System
Key Elements of Logistic System
Specified Units Operate Seaports, Bases and
Airports
Lines of Communications
Intertheater
Intratheater
Theater Transportation Network
Forward Movement of People and Equipment
Evacuation of People and Equipment
Host-Nation Support
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Logistic Considerations
Depending on the theater operation and logistic
concepts a geographic combatant commander employs
in a campaign, logistic factors will almost
always affect a theater campaign and exert
different constraints.
STRATEGIC LOGISTIC CAPABILITIES
OPERATIONAL LOGISTIC CAPABILITIES
Rate of Buildup of Theater Onward Movement
Speed of Advance
Employment Options
Deployment
Overall Size of Combat Force
Concentration
Depth of Attack
Replenishment
Replenishment
LOGISTICSUPPORT
Automatic
PULL
Requisitioning
PUSH
Apportionment
Threat Duration
LOGISTICPLANNING
Allocation of Resources
Phase Duration
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Applied Operational Logistics
Operational reach is the distance over which
military power can be concentrated and employed
decisively and is influenced by a number of
factors.
LOGISTICS
Force Multiplier
Deterrent
Flexibility
Ability to phase reserves and materiel forward
OPERATIONAL REACH
OFFENSIVE MOVEMENT
Operating ranges and endurance of combat forces
sustainment
LOGISTIC SUPPORT
Length, efficiency, and security of lines
of communications
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Logistic Planning
Joint logistics is a complex, interdependent
concept that can apply leverage (plus or minus)
to a combatant commanders combat power.
Concept of Operations
Logistic Coordination
International
Supporting Commands
Service and Functional Components
National
PLANNING
Deployment
Employment
Detailed logistic planning is equally important
and should not be neglected or delayed
Deliberate and methodical. Lends itself to
automated data processing support
Objective
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Logistic Planning Considerations
It is critical that planners identify key issues
unique to a specific joint operation plan they
must support. To anticipate campaign priorities
planners should
Identify Critical Supplies and Materiel
5
Provide Instructions for Redistributing Assets
Provide for Restoration of Unserviceable Critical
Items
1
4
Obtain Assets from External Sources
Control the Allocation of New Assets
2
3
Reissue
Retrograde
Repair
Identify Constraining Factors
6
Sustainment
Deployment
Anticipate Congestion/ Solve Bottlenecks
Ensure Adequate Movement Control
7
8
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Mobilization and National Security
Knowledge of mobilization and demobilization is a
key ingredient to success in logistic planning
and execution.
MOBILIZATION
Activating Reserves and Federalizing National
Guard
Assembling and Organizing Personnel and Materiel
Surge Mobilize Industrial Base
Extend Terms of Service
Bring the Armed Forces of the US to State of
Readiness
National Mobilization Process
Military Mobilization Process
National Security Strategy
DOD Total Force Policy
National Military Strategy
Graduated Response
Joint Command and Control Process
JP 4-05, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR MOBILIZATION
PLANNING
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The Total Force Policy and Mobilization/Demobiliza
tion Cycle
The Total Force Policy is one fundamental premise
upon which our military force structure is built.
Total Force Policy focuses awareness and energy
on sound, thorough mobilization planning and the
development of procedures that are essential to
the timely activation of reserve military power.
OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR
WAR
OPERATIONS OTHER THAN WAR
Combatant Commander Receives Planning Task From
CJCS
Combatant Commander Develops Concept of Operations
Combatant Commander Prepares OPLAN
CJCS Reviews and Approves OPLAN
FORCE STRUCTURE
Supporting Commanders Prepare Supporting Plans
Active Component
RESERVE COMPONENTS
DELIBERATE PLANNING
CRISIS RESPONSE
DELIBERATE PLANNING
TIME
JP 4-05, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR MOBILIZATION
PLANNING
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The Defense Transportation System (DTS)
The Defense Transportation System is
multifaceted, resulting in a versatility which
can support the entire continuum of movement
requirements ranging from peacetime cargo and
passenger movement, military operations other
than war, through reinforcement and sustainment
operations in general war.
Federal
Non-US
Airlift Transportation Infrastructure
Department of Defense
Airlift
Commercial
Global Transportation
CONUS
Intertheater
Common- User Intratheater
Surface Transportation
Sealift
Land
Pipeline
Air
Rail
Water
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Considerations for Transportation Planning and
Capability
The term, across the range of military
operations means that the same processes and
procedures will be used across the range of the
transportation community and war should represent
only an increase in intensity of the same basic
procedures employed in peace.
Secretary of Defense
Geographic Combatant Commanders
USCINCTRANS
DOD Common- User Transportation
Service Commands
Train
Amount and availability of forces and materiel
to be moved
Strategic transportation sustainment capability
The threat and potential attrition
Availability and characteristics of
movement resources both military and civilian
Requirements to convoy
General Considerations
Priorities established for the movement
Degree of protection provided lines of
communications
Duration of the movement and time available for
planning movement
In-transit visibility and accessibility of items
in the pipeline
Reception and throughput capabilities of ports of
embarkation
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Airlift Support to Joint Operations
Airlift supports US national strategy by rapidly
transporting personnel and materiel to and from
or within a theater. It operates across the
range of military operations, performing six
broad tasks
Deployment
Sustainment
AIRLIFT
Employment
Aeromedical Evacuation
MOOTW (Such as noncombatant evacuation and
humanitarian assistance)
Redeployment
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Categories of Airlift
Airlift moves forces and establishes air lines of
communications between bases, as required, to
sustain joint operations. A clear understanding
of the continuities and differences between the
three airlift forces that comprise the US
military airlift fleet is crucial.
Strategic or Intertheater Airlift Forces
Theater or Intratheater Airlift Forces
Organic Airlift Forces
Geographic Combatant Commander
Service Aviation Arm
Combatant Command
Component Aviation Arm
USCINCTRANS
Common-user Airlift into Theater Bases from
Outside the Theater
Common- user Airlift Within the Theater
Primary User Organization
Other Combatant Commands
Other DOD Components
Other Govt Agencies
Foreign Governments
Other Govt Agencies
Airlift Within Theater
Military Services
Combatant Commands
Foreign Governments
Military Services
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Planning Airlift Operations
Airlift planners must be thoroughly familiar with
each Service components unique airlift
capabilities as well as those of common-user
airlift and must comprehend the nature of the
threat to airlift and coordinate effective
threat countermeasures.
Communications for Deploying Ground Forces
Airlift Facilities
Threat
Facility Support Services
Planning Airlift Operations
Intelligence
Operation of Aerial Ports
Joint Airspace Control
Air Base Defense
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Sealift Support to Joint Operations
As a principal means for delivering equipment and
logistic support, sealift impacts the ability to
conduct sustained operations and may influence
the outcome of the operation being conducted. In
most cases, sealift accounts for the majority of
the total cargo delivered.
Deployment (Surge)
Pre-positioning
Sustainment
SEALIFT
Forward Presence
Power Projection
National Military Security
Fight Win
Peacetime Engagement
Redeployment
Deterrence and Conflict Prevention
Sustainment
JP 4-01.2, JTTP FOR SEALIFT SUPPORT TO JOINT
OPERATIONS
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The Sealift Trident
During large strategic deployment operations,
sealift support is typically conducted in three
phases
Crisis Area
... includes ships from the USTRANSCOM
controlled fleet. Surge shipping delivers the
heavy combat power and accompanying supplies
SUSTAINMENT
... refers to shipping provided by the US
merchant fleet to deliver large quantities
of resupply and ammunition
... afloat is made up of ships from the
Military Sealift Commands Afloat
Pre-positioning Force
PRE-POSITIONING
SURGE
JP 4-01.2, JTTP FOR SEALIFT SUPPORT TO JOINT
OPERATIONS
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Land Transportation Resources
The last major area of transportation to be
discussed are those continental US (CONUS) or
outside CONUS (OCONUS) land transportation
resources.
CONUS
OCONUS
Department of Defense
Commercial
Department of the Army Land Transportation
Contingency Response Program
Priority Use of Commercial Transportation
Requirements
Mobilizations
Contingencies
Department of the Navy
Department of the Air Force
Natural Disasters
MOOTW
JP 4-01, JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEFENSE
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
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Health Service Support Mission
The Health Service Support (HSS) mission in joint
operations is to minimize the effects of wounds,
injuries, and disease on unit effectiveness,
readiness, and morale.
Primary Objective Conserve commanders
fighting strength of land, sea, air, and SOF
Phased Health Care System
Proactive/ Preventive Medicine
Optimum use of integration of available component
command HSS assets
Action taken at Point of Wounding
Evacuation from Theater
Save life and limb
Action taken at Point of Wounding
Reduce Disease Non-battle Injury Rate
Less need for replacements and additional logistic
support
Maintain physically and emotionally
fit personnel
JP 4-02. DOCTRINE FOR HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT IN
JOINT OPERATIONS
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Echelons of Care
Five echelons of care make up the Health Service
Support (HSS) system, extending from the point of
wounding, injury, or illness. Each
succeeding echelon possesses the same treatment
capabilities as those echelons forward and adds a
new treatment capability.
ECHELON V
ECHELON I
ECHELON III
ECHELON IV
ECHELON II
Care in convalescent, restorative,
and rehabilitative MTF
Care is administered at an HSS organization
Care requiring clinical capabilities found in an
MTF
Care is rendered at the unit level
Therapy for recovering patients
May include a period of minimal care
and increasing physical activity to
restore patients to functional health
Includes postoperative treatment. First step
toward restoration of functional health
Includes therapy for patients in the recovery
phase for patients who can return to duty
Includes self aid and buddy aid and
emergency lifesaving measures
Includes basic resuscitation and stabilization
and may include surgical capability
JP 4-02. DOCTRINE FOR HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT IN
JOINT OPERATIONS
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Patient Evacuation
Patient evacuation in the combat zone or from
Echelon I to Echelon II, from Echelon II to
Echelon III, and within Echelon III is the
responsibility of the component commands and is
coordinated by a Theater Patient Movement
Requirements Center (TPMRC).
Theater Aeromedical Evacuation
TPMRC
Airforce Component
Echelon IV
Component Commands
Echelon I
Combat Zone
Evacuation from Theater
Surface (land or water), rotary-wing, or tactical
aeromedical aircraft
USCINTRANS
CONUS
Echelon II
Echelon III
JP 4-02. DOCTRINE FOR HEALTH SERVICE SUPPORT IN
JOINT OPERATIONS
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Conclusion
The purpose of this training module has been to
provide you with fundamental principles and
doctrine on logistic support to joint
operations, with an emphasis on several elements.
LOGISTIC SUPPORT TO JOINT OPERATIONS
Principles
Planning
Execution
Health Services Support
Defense Transportation System
Mobilization
Demobilization
Airlift
CONUS
Sealift
JP 4-0, DOCTRINE FOR LOGISTIC SUPPORT OF JOINT
OPERATIONS