Building Capacity for Digital Field Mapping

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Building Capacity for Digital Field Mapping

• Barron J. Orr
• University of Arizona
• Regional Monitoring Partnership
• June 8, 2005Appleton-Whittell Research Ranch
• Elgin, Arizona

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The Geospatial Extension Program in Arizona
Bringing people and geospatial technology together
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A Convergence of User Needs and Agency Missions
The NationalGeospatial Technology Extension
Network
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A Convergence of User Needs and Agency Missions
The NationalGeospatial Technology Extension
Network
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National Geospatial Technology Extension Network
NGTEN http//www.geospatialextension.org/
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Acknowledgements

• Theresa Mau-Crimmins UA/NASA Space Grant
  Graduate FellowBetween 2002-03 Theresa designed
  a training program for field mapping for Weed
  Management Areas with support from Cooperative
  Extension agents. It is the basis for all digital
  field mapping education we conduct.
• Dr. Phil Rasmussen Utah Geospatial Extension
  SpecialistPhil regularly tests both GPS units
  and data loggers he and his team came up with
  the Geospatial Tool Kit configuration we use in
  Arizona.

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Acknowledgements

• Jeff Schalau UA Cooperative ExtensionJeff
  (Yavapai County) was among the first in Arizona
  to experiment with the Geospatial Tool Kit.
• Laura Baker, Carolina de Rosas, Everett Benally,
  Colleen McDonald, Michelle Hertzfeld, Deswood
  Nofchissey, among othersMany students at both
  the University of Arizona and Diné College have
  helped out enormously.

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Key Concerns

• Our audiences tend to have limited experience
  with geospatial technology.
• Training systems need to be intuitive and easy to
  use (fewer functions/buttons/steps if it means
  reducing the risk of getting lost and
  increasing comprehension)
• Key conceptual elements (positioning, mapping,
  database, imagery) must stand alone (i.e. without
  a stand-along GPS, trainees often do not fully
  comprehend positioning and thus maps become
  pictures)

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Key Concerns

• Focus is on education, however always with an eye
  towards building operational capacity.
• Therefore we work with existing topical
  infrastructures (never training for training
  sake but rather, an invitation from a
  Cooperative Weed Management Area)
• We also work to support existing data flow
  infrastructures (i.e. NAWMA, SWEPIC-SWEMP, WIMS,
  NIISS, VIMP, Invaders, Regional Monitoring
  Program)

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North American Weed Management Association
NAWMA
http//www.nawma.org/
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Southwest Exotic Plant Information Clearinghouse
SWEPIC
http//www.usgs.nau.edu/SWEPIC/
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Southwest Exotic Mapping Program
(SWEMP)http//tek.usgs.nau.edu/website/SWEMP2004a
/viewer.htm
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TNCs Weed InformationManagement System
WIMS
http//tncweeds.ucdavis.edu/wims.html
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Southwest WIMSThe SWEMP program has developed
some modifications to WIMS to make it easier to
use it in the Southwest.
http//www.usgs.nau.edu/SWEPIC/swemp/swempA3.asp
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Regional Monitoring Partnership
http//www.sonoran.org/programs/si_sdep_huachuca.h
tm
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National Institute of Invasive Species Science
NIISS
http//129.82.104.51/cwis438/niiss/index.html
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Volunteer Invasives Monitoring Program
VIMP
http//www.refugenet.org/new-invasives/vimp.html
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of the Sonoran Desert Region
Invaders
http//www.desertmuseum.org/invaders/index.htm
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invasivespecies.gov
http//invasivespecies.gov/
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Key Concerns

• Issue-driven (rather than product or technology
  driven) educational approach (i.e. an invasives
  mapping training event rather than a GPS training
  event)
• Building local networks (adoption is more likely
  if we target early adopters and include the local
  GPS guru or techie as well as at least one
  important decision maker. The local network help
  reinforce is often as or even more important than
  training content.

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Adoption Life Cycle
Time
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Why Use Geospatial Technology for Mapping?
?
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Geospatial Technology Could Have Saved Him
ltltltltltlt not a GPS receiver
ltltltltltlt not a Noxious Weed
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Why Use Geospatial Technology for Mapping?

• Accuracy
• Time
• Overlays
• Spatial Analysis
• Modeling
• Flexibility
• Data Sharing

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AndBecause it is now more accessible to new
audiencese.g. Cooperative Weed Management Areas
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These Diné College studentsmastered the
technology in no time
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and eventually became trainers!
Diné College student Nora Jeli assists
participants in the Farmington Noxious Weed Short
Course
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Everybody is Mapping!
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What are the Geospatial Toolsin the
Geospatial Tool Kit?

• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Remote Sensing (satellite imagery)

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What Do We Currently Use to Train?

• Aerial photos/topos in background
• TerraServer-USA.com
• GPS Receiver
• Garmin V
• Handheld Computer
• Compaq iPAQ 3900/5400/2100 series
• GIS on the handheld
• StarPal HGIS
• GIS on the desktop or laptop
• ESRI ArcView (or HGIS for basic functions)

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What Will We Use in the Future?

• Aerial photos/topos in background
• Arizona Regional Image Archivehttp//aria.arizona
  .edu/
• GPS Receiver
• Garmin GPS60cs
• Handheld Computer
• Hp iPAQ 2700 series
• GIS on the handheld
• ArcPad with WIMS?
• GIS on the desktop or laptop - ESRI ArcView (or
  ArcMap)

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Courtesy of a Fire Prevention and Fire Safety
Grant
http//www.firegrantsupport.com/fp_about.aspx
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What Do We Teach?
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Mapping BasicsA degree in Geography in 10
minutes or less
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Map Projection
Transforming a 3-D planet onto a flat surface
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Downloading Aerial PhotographyandScanned Topo
Sheets
Two Methods
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Images I Can Use Aerial Photos

• Aerial Photos a.k.a DOQQs
• Digital Orthophoto Quarter-Quadrangle (DOQQ)
  112,000-Scale Images (from USGS)
• A digital orthophoto quadrangle (DOQ) is a
  computer-generated image of an aerial photograph
  in which image displacement caused by terrain
  relief and camera tilts has been removed. It
  combines the image characteristics of a
  photograph with the geometric qualities of a map.
• The second Q? The image is 1/4 of a typical 7.5
  minute topoographic map

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http//terraserver-usa.com/
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GPS
Global Positioning System or Good Position
Sometimes?
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Global Positioning System

• 24 satellites - (NAVSTARs, or SVs)
• 6 orbital planes 60 degree apart
• 4 satellites in each orbital plane
• Orbital period 12 hours

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Three Satellites Trilateration
10 ns
30 ns

• triangulation uses angles
• trilateration uses distances

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Geographic Information Systems(GIS)A fancy
term forcomputerized mapping
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What is a Geographic Information System (GIS)?
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HP/Compaq iPAQPocket PCA Handheld
ComputerPDA Personal Digital Assistant?
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Handheld Computer
Stylus
Light Sensor

• Compaq iPAQ Pocket PC (3000 5400 series)
• Windows CE (good for GIS GPS)
• Screen good in bright sunlight
• 400-700

Power Indicator
Power Button
Programmable Buttons
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HGIS Handheld Geographic Information System
Software
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GIS Software

• HGISfrom StarPal
• Windows CE
• 460kb memory
• ESRI shapefiles, .jpg .bmp images, .mif files
• Intuitive easy to learn
• 250 - ?(with educ. discount)

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Bring itAllTogether The Geospatial Tool
Kitdemonstrated step by step
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Farmington-Durango Example
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Zooming in on San Juan College
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Zooming in on San Juan College
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1st Stop in Farmington
Stop 1 Russian KnapweedAcroptilon repens
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Field Application 1st Colorado Stop
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Thomas Litson, Grazing Committee Chair,
Tsaile-Wheatfields Chapter, Navajo Nation Laura
Baker, NASA Space Grant Undergraduate Intern
Thank You!Barron J. Orr
The Geospatial Extension Program in Arizona