College English (Integrated Course 4)

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College English (Integrated Course 4)

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Title: College English (Integrated Course 4)

1
College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
2
Map of the USA (50 states)
The Mexican Gulf
3

About the Author Ryzsard Kapuscinski

About the Author Ryzsard Kapuscinski

5
Pluralism

Pluralism refers to the acceptance of many
different groups in society or many different
schools of thought in an intellectual or cultural
discipline.
Although Americas culture is becoming
more uniform, its society remains a diverse mix
of ethnic, racial, and religious groups. The US

6
Pluralism

is a pluralistic society, meaning it is composed
of many nationalities, races, religions, and
creeds. Some of the people who immigrated to
America embraced the opportunity to leave old
cultures behind and to free themselves from the
past traditions and loyalties. Others found that
the liberties promised under the Bill of Rights
allowed for distinctiveness rather than
uniformity, and they have taken pride in
preserving and celebrating their origins. Many
Americans find that pluralism adds to the
richness and strength of the nations culture.

7
Multiculturalism

Multiculturalism is a concept with many
meanings. But it often refers to acceptance of
immigrant and minority groups as distinct
communities, distinguishable from the majority
population. Like bilingualism, multiculturalism
provokes debate. Advocates of multiculturalism
believe that members of minority groups should
enjoy equal rights in American society without
giving up their diverse ethnic cultures.

8
Multiculturalism

Multicultural education programs, for instance,
strive to teach the content of different
cultures, to build tolerance of these cultures,
and to eliminate discrimination. The hope is to
enable students to understand how other cultures
view the world. Multiculturalists reject the idea
of a melting pot and assimilation they dismiss
the idea that national identity must be based on
a common heritage and values.
Critics argue that multicultural education

9
Multiculturalism

creates conflict among groups more than it
fosters tolerance of one group for another.
Cultural pluralism, critics contend, promotes
rivalry and divisions. Moreover, they assert,
European traditions remain central to American
culture and institutions. Some critics find
multiculturalism a token gesture designed to hide
continuing domination of American culture by the
majority group. Others argue that recognition of
cultural differences and group identities does
not help address social and economic
disadvantages.

10
USA A nation of immigration

Although the US has been shaped by
successive waves of immigrants, Americans have
often viewed immigration as a problem.
Established Americans often look down on new
immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants
are frequently targets of established community.
Despite such tensions,economic needs have always
forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers
and settlers, and economic opportunities have
beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of
immigrants to the US have come in search of jobs
and the chance to create a better life for
themselves and their families.

11
USA A nation of immigration

In all of American history, less than 10 percent
of immigrants have come for political or
religious reasons.
Economic immigrants from Europe, Asia, and
Latin America have come to the US voluntarily.
Others, most notably African Americans, were
involuntarily transported to North America to do
forced labor or to be sold as slaves. They were
often treated with disdain until they assimilate
or adopt the mainstream American culture
established by earlier immigrants.

12
USA A nation of immigration

Although immigrants are expected to
absorb the beliefs and standards of the dominant
society, most immigrant groups try to maintain
their own cultural heritage, and religious
practices.
Traditionally the US has been described
as a melting pot, a place where the previous
identities of each immigrant group are melted
down to create an integrated, uniform society.
Since the 1960s, many Americans have rejected the
melting pot metaphor in favor of

13
USA A nation of immigration

the image of the mosaic, a picture created by
assembling many small stones or tiles, each of
which retains its own distinctive identity.
People believe that collage or a mosaic better
represents the diverse multicultural society of
the USA.

14
Population of Los Angeles
15
Population of Los Angeles
16
Population of Los Angeles
17
College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
18
Text Organization

The text is divided into 3 parts

Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
Part 2. Paras. 6-21 Los Angeles is a good
example of such a collage.
Part 3. Paras. 22-24 There is something in
America that acts as glue to piece different
parts together to make the American collage the
chance to try.
19
Comprehension of the whole text

What do they represent in the text?

Los Angeles
A new civilization
A PC company in Orange County
A fusion of the Third World cultures with the
most modern mentalities and technologies.
A person born in Los Angeles
A citizen of the world
America in the eyes of immigrants
A place where you always have a chance to try.
20
Comprehension of the whole text

Decide whether the following are True or False?
1. By a new Pacific Civilization, the author
means that the nations of the Pacific Rim,
including America, become one nation with diverse
cultures.
(F) The author means that all the cultures
of the Pacific Rim fuse with each other to create
a new civilization of openness and pluralism.

21
Comprehension of the whole text

2. LA is mentioned as a premonition of the new
Pacific civilization because its residents of
diverse racial and cultural origins make it a
closer link with the Third World and Asian than
with Europe.
(T)
3. In LA, the relationship between the
development and underdevelopment is cooperation
and construction.
(T)

22
Comprehension of the whole text

4. In LA, in large communities of the Third World
cultures, people all speak English.
(F) In LA, in large communities of the Third
World cultures, people all speak different
languages.
5. In LA, the Third World cultures have to adjust
their traditional concept of time.
(T)

23
Comprehension of the whole text

6. At the beginning of the 21st century, the
majority of the American population will be
dark-skinned.
(F) At the beginning of the 21st century, the
majority of the world population will be
dark-skinned.
7. Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for
the better life.
(F) Immigrants are attracted to America mainly
for the chance to try.

24
Language points

(L2) in decline/on the decline losing strength,
declining Decline (v)decrease say no to sth.
--Theres a widely held belief that educational
standards in our country are in decline.
There is a (adj.) decline (in) or (of)
--rapid /sharp /steep /dramatic /steady /
gradual decline in/of
--Sales declined in the past three months as a
result of the removal of ads from the local TV
channels.
--The invitation was politely declined because
of the governors busy schedule.

25
Language points

(L8) paralyze make ineffective
He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him
partly paralyzed.
Storm Paralyzes City. (news headline)
(L8) (be)(in)capable of (doing) sth. be
(un)able to do sth.
--A determined person is incapable of nothing
if he makes his greatest efforts.
--Dodge was fired because he was not capable
of the job assigned to him.

26
Language points

(L10) It is difficult for me to agree with Paul
Kennedys thesis in that America must
inevitably follow historical precedent.
???????????
Whats the implied meaning of this sentence? Do
you agree with him?

27
Language points

(L12) inevitably follow historical
precedent???????(??)??
(L13) give way to (other empires) give in to be
replaced by
--In the past 50 years radio has given way to
television which is more vivid with beautiful
pictures.
--When it turns into spring, the cold north
wind gives way to the warm wind from the south.

28
Language points

(L14) I have a sense that what is going on here
concerns much more than the fate of a nation.
(paraphrase)
concern be of importance to have an effect on

29
Language points

(L14) have a sense thatfeel believerealize
that
--At that moment I had a sense that there was
something wrong with the engine.
--We have a sense that one months preparation
is far from enough if we want to finish the
project.
(L18,72) fuse with mix with
--The culture of the settlers fused with that
of the natives instead of eliminating it.

30
Language points

(L26) polycentric
poly- many
polygamy ????
polyandry ????
polygon ???
polynomial ???
polysyllable ???
polytechnic ??/??????
polytheism ????(?)

31
Language points

(L26) leave behind cause sth. to remain, fail or
forget to bring or take
--I think I might have left my wallet behind.
--In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon
get left behind.
--Its time to leave the past behind.

Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
32
College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
33
Language points
Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
Part 2. Paras. 6-21 Los Angeles is good
example of such a collage.

(L28) premonition a strange feeling that sth,
esp. bad, is going to happen
--When Anne didnt arrive, Paul had a sense/
premonition that she was in danger.
--a premonition of death

34
Language points
Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
35
Language points

(L31) multicultural
multi- more than one, many
multiple choice ????
multilateral ???
multi-purpose ?????
multiform multimedia
multilingual multinational
multicolored multimillionaire

36
Language points

(L36) plural involving more than one person or
thing or different kinds of people or things
--His government has pledged to move the
country towards a plural democracy.
Britain has developed into a plural society.
(L37) facility a natural ability to do sth
easily and well talent
--She has an amazing facility for languages.
(L37) put a piece of their original culture
inside of American culture.??????????????????

37
Language points

(L50) anticipate expect
--Sales are better than anticipated.
--The schedule isnt final, but we dont
anticipate many changes.
--A good speaker is able to anticipate an
audiences needs and concerns.
--It is anticipated that
--anticipate doing sth.
anticipation n.

38
Language points

(L50) This transformation of American culture
anticipates the general trend in the composition
of mankind.
??????????????????????
Question What does this transformation of
American culture refer to?

39
Language points

(L51) composition the way in which sth. is made
up of different parts, things, or members
--The composition of the group that is studied
depends on the interests of the researcher.
v. be composed (of)be made up of consist of
--Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
--The investigation committee is composed of
delegates from different political parties.

40
Language points

(L55) landscaped landscape (n.) landscape (v.,
often passive) to make a park, garden etc look
attractive and interesting by changing its
design, and by planting trees and bushes etc.
--Guilin is most famous for its peacefully and
lyrically beautiful landscape.
--The area round the mill pond has also been
landscaped.

41
Language points

(L56) ultra-clean
ultra- extremely, above and beyond sth in
range
ultrasonic ???
ultrasonics ???
ultrasound ???
ultra-right ????????
ultraviolet ????

42
Language points

(L75)And the border between races has usually
been a border of tension, of crisis.
????????????????,????????

43
Language points

(L76) constructive helpful, having a useful
purpose
--After the meeting, both sides described the
talk as frank, friendly and constructive.
(L85) merge with combine different qualities,
ideas, or things
--He helped the old party fuse with the new
one.
--The bank announced that it was to merge with
another of the high street bank.

44
College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
45
Language points

(L88) destructive causing damages or harm
--The strong El Nino which occurred between
1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more
than a century.
(L89) it is important, simply, that such a
possibility as Los Angeles exists.
What kind of possibility?

46
Language points

(L94) show up show ones nose be present
--He was kicked out of school because he seldom
show up for classes.
--She always shows up in fanciest clothes.
(L99) merge into blend into
--She avoided reporters at the airport by
merging into the crowds.
merger n. the joining together of two or more
companies or organizations to form one larger one

47
Language points

(L100) in the sense as far as is concerned
--This is a well-written article in the
linguistic sense rather than in the academic
sense.
--In the environmental sense, your plan to
build a chemical factory is a disaster, whatever
the economic benefits may seem to be.
(L101) work toward one common aim?????????

48
Language points

(L102) From the perspective of a world submerged
in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this
harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable.
??????????????????,???????,??????????????

49
Language points

(L102) from the perspective of from the
viewpoint of
--The film is shot from the perspective of
children.
--From the perspective of the environment, the
local governments economic policies are
destructive rather than constructive.

Part 2. Paras. 6-21 Los Angeles is good
example of such a collage.
50
Language points

(L102) submerge go under the surface of water,
cover or completely hide
--The submarine submerged.
--Feelings she thought shed submerged were
surfacing again. (suppress)
--Mary submerged herself in work to try and
forget about Tom.
sub- under or below, less important
--subzero temperatures,
--subsection, subconscious, subtropical

51
Language points

(L112) stagnant unchanging, still and stale
--The government has worked out a plan to
revive the stagnant economy.
--They tried to drain stagnant pools where
mosquitoes breed.
stagnation n.

Part 3. Paras. 22-24 There is something in
America that acts as glue to piece different
parts together to make the American collage the
chance to try.
52
Expressions in the text

1. from the perspective of from the viewpoint
of
2. in the (adj.) sense as far as concerned
3. in decline/ on the decline losing strength
4. leave behind
5. have a/the sense that feel/ believe/ realize
that

53
Expressions in the text

6. a nation in decline ?????
7. the rise and fall of ???
8. great powers ??
9. follow historical precedent ??????
10. I have a sense that ?????
11. fuse/merge with ???
12. cultural pluralism ?????

54
Expressions in the text

13. general trend ????
14. high-technology parks ????
15. The Pacific Rim civilization ??????
16. A conception of time ????
17. A stagnant / paralyzed society
???????

55
Expressions in the text

18. show up ??
19. a common aim ?????
20. a harmonious cooperation ?????
21. a living standard ????
22.a main/an essential characteristic ????
23. diverse races and cultures ???????

56
Antonyms and synonyms in the text
57
Antonyms and synonyms in the text
58
College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
59
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Vocabulary (Page 120)
I.1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases
from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1) plural 2) debt
3) thesis 4) inevitably
5) historical 6) precedents
7) constructive 8) destructive
9) ethnic 10) combination

60
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Vocabulary (Page 120)
I.1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases
from the box. Change the form where necessary.
11) stagnant
12) destiny
13) discourage
14) from the perspective of
15) in the (medical) sense

61
Key to Exercises Language Focus

I.2. Use the word in brackets to form an
appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and
replace with it the italicized part in each of
the following sentences
1) leave behind 2) show up
3) go over 4) knock off
5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away
7) took in 8) keep up with

62
Key to Exercises Language Focus

I. 3. Rewrite each sentence with words in
brackets, keeping the same meaning.
1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is
essential for infection in the hospital to be
kept effectively under control.
2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense
that their country was at the center of the world
and so called it the Middle Kingdom.

63
Key to Exercises Language Focus

I. 3.
3) A strong network of mentors, women and men,
has helped me at various stages in my career.
4) We need to have/develop a conception of
ourselves in the universe not as the master
species but as the servant species as the one
being given responsibility for the whole and for
the good of the whole.
5) We have cut the remark out of the program
lest it should offend the listeners.

64
Key to Exercises Language Focus

I. 4. Complete the following sentences, using the
words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or
changes where necessary.
1) in decline mentality paralyzing
2) the characteristics an immigrant
unbelievable
3) a religion cooperation with submerge

65
Key to Exercises Language Focus

II. Confusable Words
Now put a proper word into each gap in the
following sentences. In some cases, more than one
choice is possible, though one choice may be
preferable to the other.
1) like/as 2) as
3) like 4) like/as
5) as/like 6) as
7) like 8) as
III. Usage (Omitted)

66
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Structure
1. Study the model and rewrite the following
sentences using the structure It is adj.
v-ing
1) It is very useful knowing several foreign
languages when you are traveling abroad.
2) It is quite futile reasoning/to reason
with him---he just wont listen.
3) Its funny watching Granny dancing such a
lively dance.
4) It is nice working with her.

67
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Structure
2. Study the model and complete the following
sentences by translating the Chinese into
English
1) The story strengthens his determination to
realize his ideals.
2) I read P. L. Fermors classic and felt a
desire to follow his footsteps.
3) They reached a decision to walk back.
4) Nothing is more damaging than failure to
properly educate its children.

68
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze (A)
1. on the decline 2. historical
3. for the first time 4. mentality
5. essential 6. discouraged
7. destiny 8. immigrants
9. ethnic 10. combination

69
Key to Exercises Language Focus

Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze (B)
1. born 2. about 3. against
4. because 5. Only 6. would
7. then 8. not 9. time
10. if 11. come 12. ones
13. raised/born 14. here
15. so/therefore 16. both
17. to

70
Key to Exercises Language Focus

II. Translation
Professor Huntingtons paper greatly
inspired me. According to him, in a pluralistic
society, there will inevitably be different
opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a
way that they can play a constructive rather than
destructive role.
He argues that in a pluralistic society
we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal
relationships, cooperation, and looking at

71
Key to Exercises Language Focus

issues from the perspective of other people.
If some groups regard themselves as superior and
treat other ethnic groups or religions with
disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
I am convinced that if we put into
practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is
the possibility of creating a new civilization.

72
Text B Whats American about America?