College English Integrated Course 4

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College English (Integrated Course 4)
Unit 4 The Multicultural Society
Text A America As a Collage
PPT by Li Xiangqi
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Map of the USA (50 states)
The Mexican Gulf
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• About the Author Ryzsard Kapuscinski

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• About the Author Ryzsard Kapuscinski

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Pluralism

• Pluralism refers to the acceptance of many
  different groups in society or many different
  schools of thought in an intellectual or cultural
  discipline.
• Although Americas culture is becoming
  more uniform, its society remains a diverse mix
  of ethnic, racial, and religious groups. The US

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Pluralism

• is a pluralistic society, meaning it is composed
  of many nationalities, races, religions, and
  creeds. Some of the people who immigrated to
  America embraced the opportunity to leave old
  cultures behind and to remake themselves
  unencumbered by past traditions and and
  loyalties. Others found that the liberties
  promised under the Bill of Rights allowed for
  distinctiveness rather than uniformity, and they
  have taken pride in preserving and celebrating
  their origins. Many Americans find that
  pluralism adds to the richness and strength of
  the nations culture.

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Multiculturalism

• Multiculturalism is a concept with many
  meanings. But it often refers to acceptance of
  immigrant and minority groups as distinct
  communities, distinguishable from the majority
  population. Like bilingualism, multiculturalism
  provokes debate. Advocated of multiculturalism
  believe that members of minority groups should
  enjoy equal rights in American society without
  giving up their diverse ethnic cultures.

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Multiculturalism

• Multicultural education programs, for instance,
  strive to teach the content of different
  cultures, to build tolerance of these cultures,
  and to eliminate discrimination. The hope is to
  enable students to understand how other cultures
  view the world. Multiculturalists reject the idea
  of a melting pot and assimilation they dismiss
  the idea that national identity must be based on
  a common heritage and values.
• Critics argue that multicultural education

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Multiculturalism

• creates conflict among groups more than it
  fosters tolerance of one group for another.
  Cultural pluralism, critics contend, promotes
  rivalry and divisions. Moreover, they assert,
  European traditions remain central to American
  culture and institutions. Some critics find
  multiculturalism a token gesture designed to hid
  continuing domination of American culture by the
  majority group. Others argue that recognition of
  cultural differences and group identities does
  not help address social and economic
  disadvantages.

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USA A nation of immigration

• Although the US has been shaped by
  successive waves of immigrants, Americans have
  often viewed immigration as a problem.
  Established Americans often look down on new
  immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants
  are frequently targets of established community.
  Despite such tensions,economic needs have always
  forced Americans to seek immigrants as laborers
  and settlers, and economic opportunities have
  beckoned foreigners. The vast majority of
  immigrants to the US have come in search of jobs
  and the chance to create a better life for
  themselves and their families.

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USA A nation of immigration

• In all of American history, less than 10 percent
  of immigrants have come for political or
  religious reasons.
• Economic immigrants from Europe, Asia, and
  Latin America have come to the US voluntarily.
  Others, most notably African Americans, were
  involuntarily transported to North America to do
  forced labor or to be sold as slaves. They were
  often treated with disdain until they assimilate
  or adopt the mainstream American culture
  established by earlier immigrants.

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USA A nation of immigration

• Although immigrants are expected to
  absorb the beliefs and standards of the dominant
  society, most immigrant groups try to maintain
  their own cultural heritage, and religious
  practices.
• Traditionally the US has been described
  as a melting pot, a place where the previous
  identities of each immigrant group are melted
  down to create an integrated, uniform society.
  Since the 1960s, many Americans have rejected the
  melting pot metaphor in favor of

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USA A nation of immigration

• The image of the mosaic, a picture created by
  assembling many small stones or tiles, each of
  which retains its own distinctive identity.
  People believe that collage or a mosaic better
  represents the diverse multicultural society of
  the USA.

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Population of Los Angeles
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Population of Los Angeles
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Population of Los Angeles
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Text Organization

• The text is divided into 3 parts

Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
Part 2. Paras. 6-21 Los Angeles is good
example of such a collage.
Part 3. Paras. 22-24 There is something in
America that acts as glue to piece different
parts together to make the American collage the
chance to try.
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Comprehension of the whole text

• What do they represent in the text?

Los Angeles
A new civilization
A PC company in Orange County
A fusion of the Third World cultures with the
most modern mentalities and technologies.
A person born in Los Angeles
A citizen of the world
America in the eyes of immigrants
A place where you always have a chance to try.
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Comprehension of the whole text

• Decide whether the following are True or False?
• 1. By a new Pacific Civilization, the author
  means that the nations of the Pacific Rim,
  including America, become one nation with diverse
  cultures.
• (F) The author means that all the cultures
  of the Pacific Rim fuse with each other to create
  a new civilization of openness and pluralism.

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Comprehension of the whole text

• 2. LA is mentioned as a premonition of the new
  Pacific civilization because its residents of
  diverse racial and cultural origins make it a
  closer link with the Third World and Asian than
  with Europe.
• (T)
• 3. In LA, the relationship between the
  development and underdevelopment is cooperation
  and construction.
• (T)

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Comprehension of the whole text

• 4. In LA, in large communities of the Third World
  cultures, people all speak English.
• (F) In LA, in large communities of the Third
  World cultures, people all speak different
  languages.
• 5. In LA, the Third World cultures have to adjust
  their traditional concept of time.
• (T)

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Comprehension of the whole text

• 6. At the beginning of the 21st century, the
  majority of the American population will be
  dark-skinned.
• (F) At the beginning of the 21st century, the
  majority of the world population will be
  dark-skinned.
• 7. Immigrants are attracted to America mainly for
  the better life.
• (F) Immigrants are attracted to America mainly
  for the chance to try.

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Language points

• (L2) in decline/on the decline losing strength,
  declining Decline (v)decrease say no to sth.
• --Theres a widely held belief that educational
  standards in our country are in decline.
• There is a (adj.) decline (in) or (of)
• --rapid /sharp /steep /dramatic /steady /
  gradual decline in/of
• --Sales declined in the past three months as
  result of the removal of ads from the local TV
  channels.
• --The invitation was politely declined because
  of the governors busy schedule.

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Language points

• (L8) paralyze make ineffective
• He had a minor stroke in 1987, which left him
  partly paralyzed.
• Storm Paralyzes City. (news headline)
• (L8) (be)(in)capable of (doing) sth. be able to
  do sth.
• --A determined person is incapable of nothing
  if he makes his greatest efforts.
• --Dodge was fired because he was not capable
  of the job assigned to him.

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Language points

• (L10) It is difficult for me to agree with Paul
  Kennedys thesis in that America must
  inevitably follow historical precedent.
• ???????????
• Whats the implied meaning of this sentence? Do
  you agree with him?

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Language points

• (L12) inevitably follow historical
  precedent???????(??)??
• (L13) give way to (other empires) give in to be
  replaced by
• --In past 50 years radio has given way to
  television which is more vivid with beautiful
  pictures.
• --When it turns into spring, the cold north
  wind gives way to the warm wind from the south.

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Language points

• (L14) I have a sense that what is going on here
  concerns much more than the fate of a nation.
  (paraphrase)
• concern be of importance to have an effect on

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Language points

• (L14) have a sense thatfeel believerealize
  that
• --At that moment I had a sense that there was
  something wrong with the engine.
• --We have a sense that one months preparation
  is far from enough if we want to finish the
  project.
• (L18,72) fuse with mix with
• --The culture of the settlers fused with that
  of the natives instead of eliminating it.

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Language points

• (L26) polycentric
• poly- many
• polygamy ????
• polyandry ????
• polygon ???
• polynomial ???
• polysyllable ???
• polytechnic ??/??????
• polytheism ????(?)

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Language points

• (L26) leave behind cause sth. to remain, fail or
  forget to bring or take
• --I think I might have left my wallet behind.
• --In class, a child with poor eyesight can soon
  get left behind.
• --Its time to leave the past behind.
• (L28) premonition a strange feeling that sth,
  esp. bad, is going to happen
• --When Anne didnt arrive, Paul had a sense/
  premonition that she was in danger.
• --a premonition of death

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Language points
Part 1. Paras. 1-5 America is not declining,
but is in the process of creating a new collage
or mosaic-like civilization.
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Language points

• (L31) multicultural
• multi- more than one, many
• multiple choice ????
• multilateral ???
• multi-purpose ?????
• multiform multimedia
• multilingual multinational
• multicolored multimillionaire

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Language points

• (L36) plural involving more than one person or
  thing or different kinds of people or things
• --His government has pledged to move the
  country towards a plural democracy.
• Britain has developed into a plural society.
• (L37) facility a natural ability to do sth
  easily and well talent
• --She has an amazing facility for languages.
• (L37) put a piece of their original culture
  inside of American culture.??????????????????

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Language points

• (L50) anticipate expect
• --Sales are better than anticipated.
• --The schedule isnt final, but we dont
  anticipate many changes.
• --A good speaker is able to anticipate an
  audiences needs and concerns.
• --It is anticipated that
• --anticipate doing sth.
• anticipation n.

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Language points

• (L50) This transformation of American culture
  anticipates the general trend in the composition
  of mankind.
• ??????????????????????
• Question What does this transformation of
  American culture refer to?

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Language points

• (L51) composition the way in which sth. is made
  up of different parts, things, or members
• --The composition of the group that is studied
  depends on the interests of the researcher.
• v. be composed (of)be made of consist of
• --Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen.
• --The investigation committee is composed of
  delegates from different political parties.

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Language points

• (L55) landscaped landscape (n.) landscape (v.,
  often passive) to make a park, garden etc look
  attractive and interesting by changing its
  design, and by planting trees and bushes etc.
• --Guilin is most famous for its peacefully
  lyrically beautiful landscape.
• --The area round the mill pond has also been
  landscaped.

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Language points

• (L56) ultra-clean
• ultra- extremely, above and beyond sth in
  range
• ultrasonic ???
• ultrasonics ???
• ultrasound ???
• ultra-right ????????
• ultraviolet ????

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Language points

• (L75)And the border between races has usually
  been a border of tension, of crisis.
• ????????????????,????????

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Language points

• (L76) constructive helpful, having a useful
  purpose
• --After the meeting, both sides described the
  talk as frank, friendly and constructive.
• (L85) merge with combine different qualities,
  ideas, or things
• --He helped the old party fuse with the new
  one.
• --The bank announced that it was to merge with
  another of the high street bank.

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Language points

• (L88) destructive causing damages or harm
• --The strong El Nino which occurred between
  1982 and 1983 was the most destructive in more
  than a century.
• (L89) it is important, simply, that such a
  possibility as Los Angeles exists.
• What kind of possibility?

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Language points

• (L94) show up show ones nose be present
• --He was kicked out of school because he seldom
  show up for classes.
• --She always shows up in fanciest clothes.
• (L99) merge into blend into
• --She avoided reporters at the airport by
  merging into the crowds.
• merger n. the joining together of two or more
  companies or organizations to form one larger one

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Language points

• (L100) in the sense as far as is concerned
• --This is a well-written article in the
  linguistic sense rather than in the academic
  sense.
• --In the environmental sense, your plan to
  build a chemical factory is a disaster, whatever
  the economic benefits may seem to be.
• (L101) work toward one common aim?????????

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Language points

• (L102) From the perspective of a world submerged
  in religious, ethnic, and racial conflict, this
  harmonious cooperation is something unbelievable.
• ??????????????????,???????,??????????????

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Language points

• (L102) from the perspective of from the
  viewpoint of
• --The film is shot from the perspective of
  children.
• --From the perspective of the environment, the
  local governments economic policies are
  destructive rather than constructive.

Part 2. Paras. 6-21 Los Angeles is good
example of such a collage.
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Language points

• (L102) submerge go under the surface of water,
  cover or completely hide
• --The submarine submerged.
• --Feelings she thought shed submerged were
  surfacing again. (suppress)
• --Mary submerged herself in work to try and
  forget about Tom.
• sub- under or below, less important
• --subzero temperatures,
• --subsection, subconscious, subtropical

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Language points

• (L112) stagnant unchanging, still and stale
• --The government has worked out a plan to
  revive the stagnant economy.
• --They tried to drain stagnant pools where
  mosquitoes breed.
• stagnation n.

Part 3. Paras. 22-24 There is something in
America that acts as glue to piece different
parts together to make the American collage the
chance to try.
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Expressions in the text

• 1. from the perspective of from the viewpoint
  of
• 2. in the (adj.) sense as far as concerned
• 3. in decline/ on the decline losing strength
• 4. leave behind
• 5. have a/the sense that feel/ believe/ realize
  that

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Expressions in the text

• 6. a nation in decline ?????
• 7. the rise and fall of ???
• 8. great powers ??
• 9. follow historical precedent ??????
• 10. I have a sense that ?????
• 11. fuse/merge with ???
• 12. cultural pluralism ?????

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Expressions in the text

• 13. general trend ????
• 14. high-technology parks ????
• 15. The Pacific Rim civilization ??????
• 16. A conception of time ????
• 17. A stagnant / paralyzed society
• ???????

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Expressions in the text

• 18. show up ??
• 19. a common aim ?????
• 20. harmonious cooperation ?????
• 21. living standards ????
• 22.a main/an essential characteristic ????
• 23. diverse races and cultures ???????

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Antonyms and synonyms in the text
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Antonyms and synonyms in the text
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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Vocabulary (Page 120)
• I.1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases
  from the box. Change the form where necessary.
• 1) plural 2) debt
• 3) thesis 4) inevitable
• 5) historical 6) precedents
• 7) constructive 8) destructive
• 9) ethnic 10) combination

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Vocabulary (Page 120)
• I.1. Fill in the blanks with words or phrases
  from the box. Change the form where necessary.
• 11) stagnant
• 12) destiny
• 13) discourage
• 14) from the perspective of
• 15) in the (medical) sense

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• I.2. Use the word in brackets to form an
  appropriate phrasal verb you have learned and
  replace with it the italicized part in each of
  the following sentences
• 1) leave behind 2) show up
• 3) go over 4) knock off
• 5) Leave (them) alone 6) fading away
• 7) took in 8) keep up with

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• I. 3. Rewrite each sentence with words in
  brackets, keeping the same meaning.
• 1) Cooperation between nurse and patient is
  essential for infection in the hospital to be
  kept effectively under control.
• 2) Chinese people in ancient times had a sense
  that their country was at the center of the world
  and so called it the Middle Kingdom.

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• I. 3.
• 3) A strong network of mentors, women and men,
  has helped me at various stages in my career.
• 4) We need to have/develop a conception of
  ourselves in the universe not as the master
  species but as the servant species as the one
  being given responsibility for the whole and for
  the good of the whole.
• 5) We have cut the remark out of the program
  lest it should offend the listeners.

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• I. 3. Complete the following sentences, using the
  words or phrases in brackets. Make additions or
  changes where necessary.
• 1) in decline mentality paralyzing
• 2) the characteristics an immigrant
• unbelievable
• 3) a religion cooperation with submerge

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• II. Confusable Words
• Now put a proper word into each gap in the
  following sentences. In some cases, more than one
  choice is possible, though one choice may be
  preferable to the other.
• 1) like/as 2) as
• 3) like 4) like/as
• 5) as/like 6) as
• 7) like 8) as
• III. Usage (Omitted)

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Structure
• 1. Study the model and rewrite the following
  sentences using the structure It is adj.
  v-ing
• 1) It is very useful knowing several foreign
  languages when you are traveling abroad.
• 2) It is quite futile to reason with him---he
  just wont listen.
• 3) Its funny watching Granny dancing such a
  lively dance.
• 4) It is nice working with her.

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Structure
• 2. Study the model and complete the following
  sentences by translating the Chinese into
  English
• 1) The story strengthens his determination to
  realize his ideals.
• 2) I read P. L. Fermors classic and felt a
  desire to follow his footsteps.
• 3) They reached a decision to walk back.
• 4) Nothing is more damaging than failure to
  properly educate its children.

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Comprehensive Exercises
• I. Cloze (A)
• 1. on the decline 2. historical
• 3. for the first time 4. mentality
• 5. essential 6. discouraged
• 7. destiny 8. immigrants
• 9. ethnic 10. combination

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• Comprehensive Exercises
• I. Cloze (B)
• 1. born 2. about 3. against
• 4. because 5. Only 6. would
• 7. then 8. not 9. time
• 10. if 11. come 12. ones
• 13. raised/born 14. here
• 15. so/therefore 16. both
• 17. to

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• II. Translation
• Professor Huntingtons paper greatly
  inspired me. According to him, in a pluralistic
  society, there will inevitably be different
  opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a
  way that they can play a constructive rather than
  destructive role.
• He argues that in a pluralistic society
  we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal
  relationships, cooperation, and looking at

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Key to Exercises Language Focus

• issues from the perspective of other people.
  If some groups regard themselves as superior and
  treat other ethnic groups or religions with
  disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed.
• I am convinced that if we put into
  practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is
  the possibility of creating a new civilization.

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Text B Whats American about America?

• Comprehension Check
• 1. C
• 2. B
• 3. C
• 4. D
• 5. A
• 6. C
• Translation (Omitted)

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Text B Whats American about America?

• Language Practice
• 1. ethnic 2. memorial
• 3. dwell 4. mysterious
• 5. Contrary 6. blur
• 7. presumably 8. was dwarfed
• 9. originate 10. applaud
• 11. derive 12. category
• 13. shortly after 14. misery
• 15. entity 16. streak
• 17. live on 18. lead to
• 19. in exile 20. what of