Title: Welcome to the world of Sony
1 - Welcome to the world of Sony
- Movies, TV, Games, Music, Electronics,
ETC. - LaQuant Bain
- Brian Hatch
- Joe Lewis
- April Prewitt
- Kashala Nichols
2Introduction
- Our categories that we chose are
- CD Players
- DVD
- Television
- Types of Databases
- Internet Database Environment
- Distributed Database
3- The founder of Sony is Akio Morita and co-founder
Masaru Ibuka. - After World War II Morita and Ibuka set up their
business, Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering
Company, on the outskirts of Tokyo in January
1947. - They thought the English translation of the
company's name was too clumsy, and its shortened
Japanese version, Totsuko, was difficult for
English-speaking people to pronounce. They came
up with sonnybut this could be misinterpreted
in the Japanese language so they dropped one "n"
and changed the "o" sound. The result was "Sony,"
a word with no meaning, but one that was easy to
pronounce and easy to remember. - In February 1960, Sony formally established Sony
Corporation of America. Within a year and a half,
Sony became the first Japanese company to offer
its stock in the United States. Unlike many other
Japanese companies, Sony felt that moving much of
its manufacturing and sales to the United States
and Europe would improve its business. Morita
always felt that you needed to live where your
customers lived to truly know what they wanted.
4- Sony Corporation of America is based in New York
City and headquartered in Tokyo. - Sony Corporation has three operating companies -
Sony Electronics Inc., Sony Music Entertainment
Inc.and Sony Pictures Entertainment
5E-R and Enhanced ER Diagram
6(No Transcript)
7(No Transcript)
8Normalization
9(No Transcript)
10(No Transcript)
11(No Transcript)
12(No Transcript)
13(No Transcript)
14(No Transcript)
15SQL
16Create Table SQLgt CREATE TABLE CDPLAYER 2
(CDMODEL_ID VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY, 3
CDMODEL_NAME VARCHAR(20), 4 CDMODEL_DESC
VARCHAR(50), 5 CDTYPE VARCHAR(10), 6 CDSIZE
NUMBER, 7 PRICE NUMBER(8,2), 8
POWER_REQUIREMENT VARCHAR(20), 9 POWER_ADAPTER
VARCHAR(20) ) Table created. SQLgt CREATE TABLE
CDPLAYER_ACCESSORIES 2 ( CDACCESSORY_ID
VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY, 3 ACCESSORY_DESC
VARCHAR(100), 4 PRICE NUMBER(8,2) ) Table
created. SQLgt CREATE TABLE DVD_ACCESSORIES 2
( DVDACCESSORY_ID VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY, 3
ACCESSORY_DESC VARCHAR(100), 4 PRICE
NUMBER(8,2) ) Table created. SQLgt CREATE
TABLE DVD 2 (DVDMODEL_ID VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY
KEY, 3 DVDMODEL_NAME VARCHAR(20), 4
DVDMODEL_DESC VARCHAR(50), 5 HEIGHT
VARCHAR(20), 6 WIDTH VARCHAR(20), 7 DEPTH
VARCHAR(20), 8 WEIGHT VARCHAR(20), 9 PRICE
NUMBER(8,2), 10 POWER_REQUIREMENT VARCHAR(20),
11 POWER_CONSUMPTION VARCHAR(20) ) Table
created.
17DESCRIBE SQLgt DESCRIBE CUSTOMER Name
Null? Type
-----------------------------------------
-------- ----------------------------
CUSTOMER_ID NOT
NULL NUMBER FIRST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20) LAST_NAME
VARCHAR2(20) EMAIL
VARCHAR2(50) BILLING_STREET
VARCHAR2(20) BILLING_STATE
VARCHAR2(5)
BILLING_CITY
VARCHAR2(20) BILLING_ZIP
NUMBER(5) SHIP_STREET
VARCHAR2(20)
SHIP_STATE
VARCHAR2(5) SHIP_CITY
VARCHAR2(20) SHIP_ZIP
NUMBER(5) SQLgt
DESCRIBE ORDERS Name
Null? Type --------------------------
--------------- -------- -------------------------
--- ORDER_NUM
NOT NULL NUMBER CUSTOMER_ID
NUMBER ORDER_DATE
DATE BALANCE
NUMBER(8,3) SQLgt DESCRIBE ORDER_LINE Name
Null? Type
-----------------------------------------
-------- ---------------------------- OL_ENTRY
NOT NULL NUMBER
ORDER_NUM NOT
NULL NUMBER ITEM_ID
VARCHAR2(20) QTY
NUMBER UNIT_PRICE
NUMBER(8,2) TOTAL_PRICE
NUMBER(8,2)
18VIEWS SQLgt CREATE VIEW SELECT_ALLPRODUCTS AS
2 SELECT 3 TVMODEL_ID AS MODEL_ID, 4
TVMODEL_NAME AS MODEL_NAME, 5 TVMODEL_DESC
AS MODEL_DESC, 6 'TELEVISION' AS MODEL_TYPE
7 FROM 8 TELEVISION 9 UNION 10
SELECT 11 DVDMODEL_ID AS MODEL_ID, 12
DVDMODEL_NAME AS MODEL_NAME, 13 DVDMODEL_DESC
AS MODEL_DESC, 14 'DVD' AS MODEL_TYPE 15
FROM 16 DVD 17 UNION 18 SELECT 19
CDMODEL_ID AS MODEL_ID, 20 CDMODEL_NAME AS
MODEL_NAME, 21 CDMODEL_DESC AS MODEL_DESC,
22 'CDPLAYER' AS MODEL_TYPE 23 FROM 24
CDPLAYER View created. SQLgt CREATE VIEW
SELECT_CDPLAYERS AS 2 SELECT 3 CDP.,
4 CDPF.FEATURE_TYPE, 5 CDPF.FEATURE_DESC
6 FROM 7 CDPLAYER CDP INNER JOIN
CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES CDPHF ON 8
CDP.CDMODEL_IDCDPHF.CDMODEL_ID 9 INNER JOIN
CDPLAYER_FEATURES CDPF ON 10
CDPHF.CDFEATURE_IDCDPF.CDFEATURE_ID View
created.
19SEQUENCE SQLgt CREATE SEQUENCE customer_id_s
START WITH 100 2 INCREMENT BY 1
Sequence created. SQLgt CREATE SEQUENCE
feature_id_s START WITH 1 2 INCREMENT BY
1 Sequence created. SQLgt CREATE SEQUENCE
order_num_s START WITH 100 2 INCREMENT BY
1 Sequence created. SQLgt CREATE OR REPLACE
TRIGGER tr_cdplayerfeature_BI 2 BEFORE INSERT
ON cdplayer_features FOR EACH ROW 3 DECLARE
4 v_featureid number 5 BEGIN 6 SELECT
feature_id_s.nextval INTO v_featureid FROM DUAL
7 new.cdfeature_id v_featureid 8 END
9 / Trigger created. SQLgt CREATE OR
REPLACE TRIGGER tr_customer_BI 2 BEFORE INSERT
ON customer FOR EACH ROW 3 DECLARE 4
v_custid number 5 BEGIN 6 SELECT
customer_id_s.nextval INTO v_custid FROM DUAL
7 new.customer_id v_custid 8 END 9
/ Trigger created.
20 Inserts SQLgt INSERT INTO CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES
(CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID) VALUES('CDX-R3000',121)
1 row created. SQLgt INSERT INTO
CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES (CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID)
VALUES('CDX-R3000',122) 1 row created. SQLgt
INSERT INTO CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES
(CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID) VALUES('CDX-R3000',123)
1 row created. SQLgt INSERT INTO
CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES (CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID)
VALUES('CDX-R3000',124) 1 row created. SQLgt
INSERT INTO CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES
(CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID) VALUES('CDX-R3000',125)
1 row created. SQLgt INSERT INTO
CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES (CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID)
VALUES('CDX-R3000',126) 1 row created. SQLgt
INSERT INTO CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES
(CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID) VALUES('CDX-R3000',131)
1 row created. SQLgt INSERT INTO
CDPLAYER_HAS_FEATURES (CDMODEL_ID,CDFEATURE_ID)
VALUES('CDX-R3000',132) 1 row created.
21SQLgt SELECT FROM ORDERS ORDER_NUM
CUSTOMER_ID ORDER_DAT BALANCE ----------
----------- --------- ---------- 120
152 15-APR-04 129.99 121 122
15-APR-04 399.99 122 121
15-APR-04 1439.97 123 138
15-APR-04 159.99 124 129
15-APR-04 189.99 125 144
15-APR-04 13259.98 126 148
15-APR-04 2129.98 127 151
15-APR-04 349.99 128 126
15-APR-04 6999.99 129 131
15-APR-04 279.99 130 133
15-APR-04 3529.98 ORDER_NUM CUSTOMER_ID
ORDER_DAT BALANCE ---------- -----------
--------- ---------- 131 130
15-APR-04 3999.99 132 147
15-APR-04 889.98 133 143
15-APR-04 9899.93 134 142
15-APR-04 6349.97 135 140
15-APR-04 469.98 136 124
15-APR-04 1049.97 137 125
15-APR-04 2459.97 138 128
15-APR-04 10999.98 139 134
15-APR-04 809.97 140 145
15-APR-04 409.94 141 146
15-APR-04 3009.97 ORDER_NUM CUSTOMER_ID
ORDER_DAT BALANCE ---------- -----------
--------- ---------- 142 137
15-APR-04 2639.98 143 139
15-APR-04 649.99 144 136
15-APR-04 5999.99 145 141
15-APR-04 539.94 146 127
15-APR-04 3399.99 147 135
15-APR-04 15999.98 148 149
15-APR-04 6599.98 149 132
15-APR-04 359.94 150 124
06-APR-04 13199.97 151 129
06-APR-04 439.98 152 131
06-APR-04 969.97 ORDER_NUM CUSTOMER_ID
ORDER_DAT BALANCE ---------- -----------
--------- ---------- 153 132
06-APR-04 7389.97 154 133
06-APR-04 459.98 155 135
06-APR-04 819.93 156 136
06-APR-04 1789.97 157 137
06-APR-04 259.98 158 138
06-APR-04 259.98 39 rows selected.
SELECT SQLgt SELECT FROM CDPLAYER_FEATURES
CDFEATURE_ID FEATURE_TYPE
FEATURE_DESC ------------ ------------------------
------ ---------------------------------
121 Playback CD-R/W
Playback 122 Convenience
Detachable fold-down face 123 Audio
23.2 watts RMSx4
124 Playback SSIR-EXA
tuner 125 Audio
EQ3 126 Audio
Dynamic Soundstage Oragnizaer 127
Playback XM Satellite
Radio 128 Playback
MP3 129 Convenience
Remote Control 130 Convenience
Changer Control 131 Audio
Preamp outputs CDFEATURE_ID
FEATURE_TYPE FEATURE_DESC ------
------ ------------------------------
--------------------------------- 132
Audio Low-pass filter
133 Audio
High-pass filter 134 Convenience
TFT display 135 Convenience
Flourescent display 15 rows
selected.
22SQLgt SELECT FROM CDPLAYER CDMODEL_ID
CDMODEL_NAME CDMODEL_DESC
CDTYPE CDSIZE
PRICE POWER_REQUIREMENT POWER_ADAPTER ---------
----------- --------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------- ---------- ----------
-------------------- ------------------- CDX-S2000
SONY CDX-S2000 CD RECEIVER
RECEIVER IEJ
109.99 12V DC N CDX-R3000
SONY CDX-R3000 CD RECEIVER
RECEIVER IEJ
139.99 12V DC N CDX-R3300
SONY CDX-R3300 CD/MP3 RECEIVER
RCV-MP3 IEJ
169.99 12V DC N CDX-F5705X
SONY CDX-F5705X CD/MP3 RECEIVER
RCV-MP3 IEJ
209.99 12V DC N CDX-M8805X
SONY CDX-M8805X CD/MP3 RECEIVER
RCV-MP3 IEJ
349.99 12V DC Y CDX-M9900
SONY CDX-M9900 CD/MP3 RECEIVER
RCV-MP3 IEJ
649.99 12V DC Y CDX-F7005X
SONY CDX-F7005X CD RECEIVER
RECEIVER IEJ
259.99 12V DC N CDX-M800
SONY CDX-M800 CD RECEIVER
RECEIVER IEJ
229.99 12V DC N CDX-F5505X
SONY CDX-F5505X CD/MP3 RECEIVER
RECEIVER IEJ
189.99 12V DC N 9 rows selected.
SQLgt SELECT FROM DVD_IOPORTS DVDMODEL_ID
PORT_ PORT_TYPE PORT_LOCAT
PORT_QUANTITY -------------------- -----
---------- ---------- ------------- DVP-NS575P/S
OUT RCA REAR
1 RDR-GX7 OUT RCA REAR
1 DVP-CX985V OUT RCA
REAR 1 DVP-NC685V
OUT RCA REAR
1 SLV-D500P OUT RCA REAR
1 DVP-NC665P/B OUT RCA
REAR 1 DVP-NC665P/S
OUT RCA REAR 1 DVP-PQ2
OUT RCA REAR
1 DVP-NC625/B OUT RCA REAR
1 DVP-NS575P/S OUT
SVIDEO REAR 1 RDR-GX7
OUT SVIDEO REAR
1 DVDMODEL_ID PORT_ PORT_TYPE
PORT_LOCAT PORT_QUANTITY --------------------
----- ---------- ---------- ------------- DVP-CX98
5V OUT SVIDEO REAR
1 DVP-NC685V OUT SVIDEO REAR
1 SLV-D500P OUT
SVIDEO REAR 1 DVP-NC665P/B
OUT SVIDEO REAR
1 DVP-NC665P/S OUT SVIDEO REAR
1 DVP-PQ2 OUT SVIDEO
REAR 1 DVP-NC625/B
OUT SVIDEO REAR 1 RDR-GX7
IN RCA REAR
1 RDR-GX7 IN SVIDEO REAR
1 DVP-CX985V OUT
OPTICAL REAR 1 DVP-NC625/B
OUT OPTICAL REAR
1 DVDMODEL_ID PORT_ PORT_TYPE
PORT_LOCAT PORT_QUANTITY --------------------
----- ---------- ---------- ------------- DVP-NC68
5V OUT OPTICAL REAR
1 DVP-PQ2 OUT OPTICAL REAR
1 RDR-GX7 OUT
OPTICAL REAR 1 25 rows
selected.
SQLgt SELECT FROM TELEVISION_ACCESSORIES TVACCE
SSORY_ID ACCESSORY_DESC
PRICE --------------------
--------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------- RM-AV3000 TouchScreen
Universal Remote
199.99 RM-VL1000 Universal Remote
Commander
79.99 SB-V66S Manual A/V Selector
149.99 SB-V55A
Auto Switcher
79.99 MSA-128S2 128MB
X2 Memory Stick
99.99
23Queries SQLgt SELECT TVMODEL_ID,TVMODEL_NAME,
TVMODEL_DESC, WEIGHT 2 FROM TELEVISION 3
WHERE WEIGHT(SELECT MAX(WEIGHT) FROM
TELEVISION) TVMODEL_ID TVMODEL_NAME
TVMODEL_DESC
WEIGHT --------------------
-------------------- -----------------------------
--------------------- -------------------- KV-34HS
510 KV-34HS510 34" Hi-Scan FD
Trinitron WEGA TV 91
SQLgt SELECT CUSTOMER.BILLING_STATE,SUM(ORDERS.BALA
NCE) 2 FROM CUSTOMER INNER JOIN ORDERS 3
ON CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_IDORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID 4
GROUP BY CUSTOMER.BILLING_STATE 5 ORDER BY
SUM(ORDERS.BALANCE) DESC BILLI
SUM(ORDERS.BALANCE) ----- ------------------- FL
27469.8 AL
20899.91 OH 17359.9 VA
13259.98 PA 9849.93 TN
8999.87 NJ 6999.99 SC
6349.97 NY 5419.85 GA
4619.93 CT 3399.99 BILLI
SUM(ORDERS.BALANCE) ----- ------------------- KY
3009.97 ME
2129.98 MI 809.97 MA
419.97 15 rows selected.
SQLgt SELECT CUSTOMER.BILLING_STATE, 2
COUNT() AS ORDERS, 3 CAST(SUM(ORDERS.BALANCE)
AS NUMBER(8,2)) AS TOTAL_ORDERS, 4
CAST(AVG(ORDERS.BALANCE) AS NUMBER(8,2)) AS
AVERAGE_ORDER 5 FROM CUSTOMER INNER JOIN
ORDERS 6 ON CUSTOMER.CUSTOMER_IDORDERS.CUSTOM
ER_ID 7 GROUP BY CUSTOMER.BILLING_STATE 8
ORDER BY AVG(ORDERS.BALANCE) DESC BILLI
ORDERS TOTAL_ORDERS AVERAGE_ORDER -----
---------- ------------ ------------- VA
1 13259.98 13259.98 AL 2
20899.91 10449.96 NJ 1
6999.99 6999.99 SC 1
6349.97 6349.97 OH 4
17359.9 4339.98 FL 8
27469.8 3433.73 CT 1
3399.99 3399.99 KY 1
3009.97 3009.97 PA 4
9849.93 2462.48 TN 4
8999.87 2249.97 ME 1
2129.98 2129.98 BILLI ORDERS
TOTAL_ORDERS AVERAGE_ORDER ----- ----------
------------ ------------- NY 4
5419.85 1354.96 GA 4
4619.93 1154.98 MI 1
809.97 809.97 MA 2
419.97 209.99 15 rows selected.
SQLgt SELECT AP.MODEL_TYPE, COUNT() 2 FROM
ORDER_LINE INNER JOIN SELECT_ALLPRODUCTS AP 3
ON ORDER_LINE.ITEM_IDAP.MODEL_ID 4 GROUP BY
AP.MODEL_TYPE 5 ORDER BY COUNT()
DESC MODEL_TYPE COUNT() ----------
---------- TELEVISION 29 CDPLAYER
27 DVD 23
24Queries SQLgt SELECT AP.MODEL_TYPE, AP.MODEL_ID,
AP.MODEL_DESC, AP.PRICE, 2 (SELECT COUNT()
3 FROM ORDER_LINE 4 WHERE
ITEM_IDAP.MODEL_ID) AS ORDERS 5 FROM
SELECT_ALLPRODUCTS AP 6 ORDER BY (SELECT
COUNT() 7 FROM ORDER_LINE 8 WHERE
ITEM_IDAP.MODEL_ID) DESC, 9 AP.PRICE
DESC MODEL_TYPE MODEL_ID MODEL_DESC
PRICE ORDERS ---------- --------------------
--------------------------------------------------
---------- ---------- TELEVISION KDF-70XBR950
70" XBR Grand WEGA
6999.99 3 CDPLAYER CDX-M9900
CD/MP3 RECEIVER
649.99 3 CDPLAYER
CDX-M8805X CD/MP3 RECEIVER
349.99
3 CDPLAYER CDX-F7005X CD RECEIVER
259.99
3 DVD DVP-NC685V DVD Player
249.95 3 CDPLAYER CDX-M800
CD RECEIVER
229.99 3 CDPLAYER CDX-F5705X
CD/MP3 RECEIVER
209.99 3 CDPLAYER CDX-F5505X
CD/MP3 RECEIVER
189.99 3 CDPLAYER
CDX-R3300 CD/MP3 RECEIVER
169.99 3 DVD
DVP-NC665P/B DVD Player
159.99
3 DVD DVP-NC665P/S DVD Player
159.99
3 MODEL_TYPE MODEL_ID
MODEL_DESC
PRICE ORDERS ----------
-------------------- -----------------------------
--------------------- ----------
---------- CDPLAYER CDX-R3000 CD
RECEIVER
139.99 3 DVD DVP-NC625/B
DVD Player
129.99 3 CDPLAYER CDX-S2000
CD RECEIVER
109.99 3 DVD DVP-PQ2
DVD Player
89.99 3 TELEVISION
KDL-42XBR950 42" LCD WEGA Flat Panel
Television 12999.99
2 TELEVISION KE-60XS910 50" Plasma WEGA
Flat Panel Television 8999.99
2 TELEVISION KDL-32XBR950 32" LCD
WEGA Flat Panel Television
5999.99 2 TELEVISION KE-37XS910
37" Plasma WEGA Flat Panel Television
5499.99 2 TELEVISION KF-60WE610
60" Grand WEGA LCD Rear Projection TV
3999.99 2 TELEVISION
KP-65WV700 65" 169 Hi-Scan Projection
Television 3399.99
2 TELEVISION KDP-57WS550 57" 169 High
Definition Projection Television 2499.99
2 MODEL_TYPE MODEL_ID
MODEL_DESC
PRICE ORDERS ----------
-------------------- -----------------------------
--------------------- ----------
---------- TELEVISION KV-34HS510 34"
Hi-Scan FD Trinitron WEGA TV
1999.99 2 TELEVISION KLV21SR2
21" LCD WEGA Flat Panel Television
1499.99 2 TELEVISION KV-36FS210
36" FD Trinitron WEGA TV
1099.99 2 DVD RDR-GX7
DVD Recorder
699.99 2 TELEVISION
KV-24FV300 24" FD Trinitron WEGA TV
399.99 2 DVD
DVP-CX985V 400 Disc Progressive
DVD/SACD Changer 399.95
2 DVD SLV-D500P DVD/VHS
Combination Unit
299.99 2 TELEVISION KV-20FS100
20" FD Trinitron WEGA TV
279.99 2 TELEVISION KV-13FS100
13" FD Trinitron WEGA TV
179.99 2 DVD
DVP-NS575P/S DVD Player
89.99 2 32
rows selected.
25Access
26Customer Table
27Query Output
28Average Orders of Queries by State
29List of databases in MS Access
30Application Used
- As the usage of the world wide world increases so
do the importance of databases. Chapter 10 deals
with the Internet Database Environment. Sonys
environment includes a network that connects the
client workstation, Web server, and database
server, following TCP/IP protocols. Every
computer connected to the Internet must have a
distinct IP address. In a simple Sonys
artichechure, a request from a client browser is
sent through the network to the Web server. If
the request requires that the database be
obtained from the database, the web server
constructs and sends it to the database server,
which processes the query and returns the results
set. Firewalls are used to protect other people
from accessing Sonys external data. - Since the increase of databases have become more
important to Internet applications traditional
databases issues have taken on additional
significance. The issues include security,
privacy, and handling the increasingly rapid rate
of change in both business and network technology
practices. Security measure must be placed at
network level, operating system level, Web server
level, and database level to guard the privacy of
Sony and their customers.
31Application cont.
- Chapter 12 talks about the importance of managing
data. The function of Sonys data administration
is to take responsibility for the overall
management of data resources, including
developing to protect and control data, resolving
data ownership and use issues, and developing and
maintaining corporate-wide data definitions and
standards. The function of Sonys database
administration deals with the direct management
of a database like DBMS installation and
upgrading, database design issues and technical
issues such as security enforcement, database
performance, and backup and recovery. There are
five areas of concern when maintaining Sonys
high data quality security policy and disaster
recovery, personnel controls, physical access
controls, maintenance controls, and data
protection and privacy concerns.
32Summary and Conclusions
- Sony Corporation of America is a leading
manufacturer of audio, communication, video, and
information technology products for patrons and
professional markets. - Sony is an online distributed database that
spreads data across computers in multiple
locations connected by a data communication link.
Sony Corporation has three operating companies -
Sony Electronics Inc., Sony Music Entertainment
Inc.and Sony Pictures Entertainment. Our main
focus was on CD Players, DVDs, and Televisions. - Our project includes a concise description of
the database that we selected, a summary of the
ER and EER diagram, MS Access, Normalization and
Oracle.
33Kashalas Question
- How do you add ORDER_TYPE to the ORDERS table?
34Laquants Question
- What are the four basic strategies for
distributing databases?
35Aprils Question
- Every computer connected to the Internet must
have a distinct IP address. In a simple
architecturedescribe how the flow of data is
transferred and how it is protected?
36Joes Question
- How do you create a table in Oracle?
37Brians Question
- How does the GROUP BY clause of a select
statement affect its output? Give an example.