Alfred the Great

1
Alfred the Great

• Ruled from 871 to 899
• Turned back Viking invaders
• United the people calling it England land of
  Angles

2
King Canute

• Danish king
• Conquered England in 1016
• Combining the Anglo-Saxons and Vikings

3
Edward the Confessor

• Descendent of Alfred the Great
• Lived in Normandy until the age of 40, then
  became king
• Later became a saint, feast day is 10/13
• Died with no heir

4
William the Conqueror

• Duke of Normandy
• Grand-nephew of King Edward the Confessor's
  mother
• Harold Godwinson (Edwards brother in law) was
  his rival

5
Battle of Hastings

• Harold first had to deal with his brother to the
  north, then William
• Harold was killed by an arrow in the eye
• William was crowned king on Christmas Day 1066
• All lords who did not support William lost their
  land

6
King Henry II

• Ruled from 1154-1189
• Married Eleanor of Aquitaine (ex wife of King
  Louis VII of France)
• His sons were Richard the Lion-Hearted and
  Johnboth later rulers of England

7
Richard the Lion-Hearted

• Hero of the 3rd Crusade
• He was captured on the return home from the
  Crusades
• Had gone to battle with his brother, against his
  brother, and twice against his father

8
King John

• Nicknamed Softsword for his military failures
• Issues with pope
• Wanted to name Archbishop of Canterbury
• Pope excommunicated John and placed interdict on
  England.
• John paid yearly fee to Rome and England became a
  fief of the Pope.

9
Magna Carta

• John was forced to sign Magna Carta for abusing
  the nobles
• Guaranteed certain basic political rights
• The nobles just wanted a safeguard their feudal
  rights and limit the kings power
• Years later--it applied to all citizens
• Guaranteeing rights that included no taxation
  without representation, jury trial, and
  protection of law
• Basis of Declaration of Independence, United
  States Constitution

10
Henry III

• Ruled 1216-1272
• Expanded the Great Council to include knights
• Great Council were nobles, and church leaders who
  advised the king on matters
• Later will be known as Parliament

11
Parliament

• Parliament
• Two house legislature
• House of Lords (nobles)
• House of Commons (knights and middle class)

12
Edward I

• Ruled 1272-1307
• Conquered Wales, his eldest son was given the
  title of Prince of Wales
• This term is still used for the male heir to the
  throne of England

13
France
Carolingian Dynasty dies out
14
Capetian Dynasty

• Capetian Dynasty would rule France from 987-1328
  (over 300 years)
• French Monarchs
• Hugh Capet (987)
• Made throne hereditary.
• ruled only a small area (Paris and Orleans)
• Effective ruler, established order in France

15
Capetian Dynasty

• Louis VI
• The Fat
• Increased monarch power over feudal system

• Louis VII
• Royals courts replaced feudal courts
• Married Eleanor of Aquitaine
• Marriage annulled after Louis suspects her of
  adultery with uncle.

16
Philip II

• Called Philip Augustus
• Ruled 1180-1223
• Quadrupled the territory of France (Normandy and
  Anjou)
• Shrewd
• Introduced national tax

17
Louis IX

• Philips grandson
• Ruled 1226-1270
• Saint, known as a ideal king beloved by the
  french people
• Created French appeals court

18
Philip IV

• Ruled 1285- 1314
• The Fair
• First Estate- Church leaders
• Second Estate- Lords
• Third Estate- Commoners
• Called Estates General

19
Hundred Years War

• Lasted 1337-1453
• When the last Capetian king died without an heir
  Edward III of England claimed the throne
• Edward was Philips grandson
• Victory went back and forth
• Fought on French soil
• At the end of the war, many believe the end of
  the Middle Ages

20
Hundred Years War

• Battle of Crecy
• Won by the English Longbow
• Battle of Poitiers
• French King John and son (Philip) were captured
  and held for ransom
• Battle of Agincourt
• Again won by the English Longbow

21
Joan of Arc

• As a teenager felt moved by God to rescue France
  from England
• She believed that voices talked to her, to drive
  England out of France
• During a battle in 1430 she was captured and
  condemned as a witch and heretic
• She was burnt on the stake

22
Bubonic Plague

• Began in Asia
• 20-25 million in Europe
• 4 million in Southwest Asia
• 35 million in China
• Symptoms
• Painful swelling called buboes in the lymph
  nodes, particularly those in the armpits and
  groin
• Purplish or black spots on the skin
• Extremely high fever, chills, delirium and most
  cases death

23
Church Divided

• Pope Boniface VIII ordered Philip IV of France to
  obey him
• Philip had him held prisoner wanted to bring him
  to trial
• Boniface was rescued but died shortly afterwards

24
Great Schism

• Philip IV persuaded the Cardinals to chose a
  French archbishop as Pope
• Clement V was selected Pope and moved to Avignon
  (Popes lived their for 67 years)
• Babylonian Captivity 1309-1377
• In 1378 the Cardinals were forced to chose a new
  Pope, they wanted a Roman or Italian
• They chose Urban VI, the French Cardinals elected
  a another pope several months laterRobert of
  Geneva, who took the name Clement VII

25
Great Schism

• Both Popes excommunicated each other, declaring
  each a false Pope

• In 1414 the Council of Constance ended all of the
  confusionby this time three Popes were
  considered Pope (John XXIII)
• In 1417, Martin V was named Pope

26
John Wycliffe

• Preached that Jesus Christ, not the Pope, was the
  true head of the Church
• Believed the clergy should own no land or wealth
• Bible alone was the final authority of for
  Christian life
• He helped inspire an English translation of the
  New Testament of the Bible

27
Jan Hus

• He also taught that the authority of the Bible
  was higher than that of the Pope
• Was excommunicated in 1412, then in 1414 German
  emperor Sigismund seized him and tried him as a
  heretic then burned at the stake

28
Homework

• Read Pages 271-273 Section 6 Challenges to
  Church Power
• Answer questions 1-6 on Page 273
• Due Wednesday, March 1

29
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