Airport Airside Capacity Enhancement Planning

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Airport Airside Capacity Enhancement Planning

• Case Study Lisbon Airport
• 27-29 October 2004
  Jaime Valadares

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New Lisbon Airport Artists View
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Existing Lisbon Airport
Two crossing runways, one with operational
restrictions.
No parallel taxiway at runway full length.
No suitable exits, high runway occupancy times.
Complex ground circulation.
Year 2003 112 453 commercial movements
9.6 Million Passengers.
No realistic chance for significant
infrastructure expansion.
Environmental impact a growing concern.
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CHALLENGE
BRIDGE THE GAP
Existing Airport
New Airport
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WHAT HAS BEEN DONE
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1999 A Study was contracted to an external
consultant to determine the viability of
expanding the airport infrastructure to cope with
the forecast traffic up to the point when a new
airport would have to be in place.
STEP 1
Options involving airport expansion beyond the
current airport limits were discarded because of
the need to expropriate and demolish densely
constructed areas, main roads, etc., with obvious
consequences on feasibility, environment and cost.
Solutions of developing the infrastructure to the
extent possible within airport owned land were
retained and further worked upon.
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However, at that point in time

• Neither the capacity increases expected by the
  infrastructure developments under consideration
  had been tested by an objective mean such as
  analytical tool or simulation nor

• had the local Air Navigation Services Provider
  (ANSP) confirmed the attainability of such
  capacity increases.

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2000 A few EUROCONTROL initiatives in the
Airports domain had started to bear fruit such as
RACE and CAMACA.
STEP 2
The runway component of CAMACA had been tested at
two European airports and was considered
reliable and robust enough for assessing runway
capacity and testing different capacity
enhancement scenarios.
ANA S.A. decided to ask the assistance of
EUROCONTROL to undertake a runway capacity
analysis using CAMACA and to evaluate, through
sensitivity analysis, the impact on capacity of
the infrastructure developments being considered,
in combination with the introduction of more
efficient operational procedures.
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2001 The runway capacity assessment was
successfully accomplished in close cooperation
between EUROCONTROL, the Airport and the local
ANSP.The sensitivity analysis performed
concluded that
STEP 2 (Cont.)

• The infrastructure development options being
  considered were correct capacity wise and

• capacity benefits of the order of 30 were
  achievable if those developments were combined
  with the introduction of operational best
  practice.

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2001 EUROCONTROL decided to get involved in
airport capacity planning to complement the
airspace planning activity regularly being
undertaken by the organisation.The activity
was to start by launching capacity
planning pilot exercises in four European
Airports considered representative of different
types of capacity constraints. Lisbon Airport
was invited to participate.
STEP 3
2002 The invitation was accepted, as the Airport
Authority found the exercise an ideal opportunity
for exploring the conclusions of the previous
capacity study, by combining in an integrated
capacity plan with the ANS Provider the
introduction of operational best practice with
the planned infrastructure developments, to
achieve commonly agreed capacity targets.
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The Capacity Plan Pilot Exercise
OBJECTIVE To develop a capacity plan whose
final document should be signed jointly by
EUROCONTROL, the Airport and the ANSP.

• WORKING ARRANGEMENTS
• Participation together with EUROCONTROL of all
  airport main actors
• Airport
• ANSP
• Local Airlines (4)

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The Capacity Plan Pilot Exercise (cont.)

• METHODOLOGY
• Identification, on a consensus basis, of the
  capacity constraining factors, either of physical
  or procedural nature
• Selection of a set of measures considered viable,
  from the perspective of practicality, cost and
  time, to mitigate the identified constraints
• Agreement by the parties concerned on the actions
  to be undertaken to implement the mitigation
  measures in a coordinated way.

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Main Capacity Enhancement Actions Agreed
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OBJECTIVE Increase Arrival Capacity ACTIONS A)
Two Rapid Exit Taxiways (RETs) being built and
expected to be operational first half 2004 B)
Subsequent reduction of radar separation on final
approach C) Pilot awareness campaign on the need
to shorten runway occupancy time.
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OBJECTIVE Increase Departure Capacity ACTIONS
A) New runway crossing enabling simultaneous
crossings and some traffic sequencing and B)
Avoid runway crossings by encouraging departures
from intersection (TORA 2410 m TODA 2510 m).
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OBJECTIVE Increase Fluidity and Flexibility of
Ground Movement ACTIONS A) Capital Investment
Plan (CIP) to include provision for new taxiing
segments to de-conflict ground movement B) CDM
project, started in October 2003, expected to
permit more accurate estimation of EOBTs and
better planning of pushback sequence.
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OBJECTIVE Increase Apron Capacity to Match
Target Runway Capacity ACTION 9/14 new stands
(5 splittable) built in 2003.
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OBJECTIVE Increase Terminal Airspace capacity
ACTION Establishment of alternative holding
stacks in DME fixes and RNAV SIDs and STARs,
together with reduction in radar
separation Discussions with the Military on the
re-design of reserved airspace ongoing.
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OBJECTIVE Reduce time of transition to LVO,
due to inspections and sensitive areas
sterilisation.
ACTION Joint work by Airport/ANSP Task Force
enabled reduction of transition time to one
third.
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FINAL BALANCE

• Joint Commitment of Airport and ANSP that by the
  combined effect of infrastructure and procedures
  improvements an airside capacity increase of 10
  movements an hour (30 to 40) is achieved stepwise
  until the end of 2004.
• Success of working together in the planning
  exercise has already led to the creation of two
  joint Airport/ANSP task forces to address
  specific aspects of the airport operation.
• Local Aircraft Operators fully involved in the
  process. Namely it was made clear that
  co-operation of pilots in optimising runway
  throughput was indispensable.

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As a result of the exercise, a CDM project
started October 2003 with EUROCONTROL support,
involving Airport, ANSP, Airlines and Handling
Agents.
FINAL BALANCE (cont.)

• EUROCONTROL initiatives tools and technical
  support taken advantage of along the whole
  process CAMACA, ACE, Capacity Planning, CDM.