Target Safety

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Target Safety

• The Development and Implementation of
  Interventions to Address Specific Hazards

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Why Target Safety

• Two OSHA Regulatory Tenants
• The employer is required to provide a safe and
  healthful workplace free from recognized .
• The employer shall train employees in the
  recognition and avoidance of ..........
• Hazards

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Research Objective

• Identify and understand systems and
• techniques that are implemented in the
  construction and maintenance industry that are
  focused on
• preventing specific types of injuries or
• addressing specific types of hazards

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What is a Target Program?

• Program with a specific objective
• Focused on reducing a specific hazard
• Initiated by Owners or Contractors

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The Study

• Extensive Surveys (over 200)
• 10 Case Studies
• Implementation Test Case

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The ModelSteps to Program Implementation

• Steps are essentially universal, regardless of
  the nature of the target program
• Program development steps are similar in programs
  to address both serious or minor hazards

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Step 1 Motivation for Initiation

• Recognizing the need for a target program
• Dramatic or serious accident-single
  event
• Occurrence of a disproportionate number of
• injuries and near misses,
• foretelling future injuries
• that could be serious
• Recognition that conditions must be
  addressed to reduce risks (jobsite audits)
• Regulatory Intervention

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Step 2 Benchmarks Prior to the Program

• Having measures that describe the conditions that
  existed before the target program initiation
• Benchmarks may not exist when the initiation was
  a single serious event
• Measures may be subjective
• Serves as a baseline by which to measure the
  success of the target program
• Benchmarks can justify the costs of resources
  allocated for a target program

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Step 3 Target Safety Program Champion

• Someone must take the lead role to implement the
  program
• The individual who recognized the need often has
  the energy to follow-through on the program
  implementation
• Individual is generally a manager (corporate
  level or project level)
• Corporate level champions generally seek and
  obtain cooperation from field managers
• Corporate level champions will have more success
  in getting programs implemented company-wide

Every Program Needs a Champion
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Step 4 Development of the Program

• Clearly define the hazards and assess the risks
• Evaluate the risks and devise a means of avoiding
  them
• Communication is crucial (dont create the
  program in a vacuum)
• Means of obtaining worker input (functional task
  team or ad hoc committee) help to achieve target
  program success
• Devise different alternatives and select the most
  preferred option or combine aspects of different
  options

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Step 5 Implementation of the Program (Selling
the Program)

• Get the word out (posters, meeting announcements,
  notices, etc.) so everyone understands the
  program
• Selling a target program is facilitated by
  involving the workers and supervisory personnel
  (make field workers/supervisors part of the
  solution)
• Make changes when warranted (the program must be
  adaptable)
• Consider contractual mandates (add provisions to
  the contracts)
• After serious accidents, the selling is easy (at
  the beginning of the target program)
• Constant reminders are needed during the program

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Step 6 Inspecting and Monitoring for Compliance

• Verifying Implementation
• Information is quantified and recorded
• Several individuals participate
• Monitoring must be sustained
• Make changes when compliance drops (tool box
  talks, stand downs, newsletters, supervisory
  meetings, etc.)
• Give positive reinforcement for good performance
• Keep all stakeholders, including corporate
  personnel, adequately informed of results

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Step 7 Corrective Action or Intervention

• Maintain a zero tolerance for non-compliance
• Compliance is the Goal
• Reinforce the need for the target program
• Address non-compliance immediately
• Serious risks (especially repeated offences)
  require stronger measures, such as reprimands,
  suspensions, terminations
• Continue to communicate (positively) the need for
  the target program. Keep selling!!!

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Step 8 Measure of Success

• Is the program working or has it succeeded??
• Determine if goals are being met
• Give the program time for implementation
• Evaluate on-going measures with the baseline or
  benchmark values and consider the trend
• Periodically assess if changes are needed in the
  program?
• Keep corporate personnel informed
• Can the target program be adopted
• as an established process

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Step 9 Success Recognition

• Are successes celebrated?
• Individual target programs are not celebrated
  apart from overall safety successes
• Oftentimes, success of project-level initiatives
  result in company-wide implementation and may
  become an industry standard
• Dont get complacent about a program (dont
  forget why it was developed in the first place)
• Should individual successes be celebrated??

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Initiation
Benchmark
Champion
Development
Implementation
Monitoring
Corrective Action
Measure of Success
Success Recognition
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CII Implementation Model
Product Champions/Review Boards
Implementation Plan and Goals
Self Audit
Corporate Implementation Champion
Corporate Commitment
CII Products
CII Support
Benefit/Cost Data
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Follow the Steps and Hit the Target
Zero
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Program on Hand Protection

• Implemented by DuPont

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Hand Safety Statistics

• Hand injuries in DuPont Facility Construction
  Services were as high as 67 of the recordable
  injuries (2001).
• The National Safety Council also reports that for
  the period 1997-1998, the average total incurred
  costs per claim for hand, finger, and wrist
  injuries is 6393.
• Working with Materials, Parts and Containers
  accounts for almost 23 of all hand finger
  injuries.
• "Did you know 20 of all DISABLING INJURIES are
  to the HAND! (Inability to pursue an occupation)

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Facility Construction Services Hand Safety
Statistics
Hand Injuries
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Established Hand Safety Network

• Conference calls - Monthly - 3rd Tuesday
• Network Created
• Hand Safety Web Site http//engineering.dupont.com
  /safety/hand_safety/hand_safety.htm
• Hand Safety Book - Pocket size
• Hand Safety Matrix
• Audit Sheets
• Hand Safety Critical Operating Tasks (C.O.T.s)
• Hand Safety Excellence Award
• HRFR - Hand Recordable Frequency Rate
• Hand Safety Month - June
• Hand Safety Slogan Contest - Sticker with winning
  slogan

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Hand Safety Network

• Some other products you can find on the Hand
  Safety web page
• http//engineering.dupont.com/safety/hand_safety/h
  and_safety.htm
• The Handy Hand Newsletters
• Material Handling Newsletter
• Hand Safety Sign
• Toolbox Topics
• Hand Safety posters
• Hand Safety Team Contacts
• Crossword and word search puzzles

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Hand Safety Team Matrix
Hand Safety Training at Site
Site Hand Safety Team Functional
Site Felt Leadership
Metrics in Place to Track Lagging Leading Hand
Safety Indicators
Effective Hand Safety Communication Processes
Including Written Plan
Hand Safety Goals Established Visible
RedNo Action YellowWork in Progress GreenFully
Implemented
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Audit Sheet
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2005 Hand SafetyCritical Operating Task (C.O.T.)

• Construction Continuous Improvement Team (CCIT)
  Safety Subjective Award Criteria for 2005
• Must complete three of the four listed below.
• Site participation on Hand Safety Network
  Conference Calls must be 90. (Only can miss
  one - 11/1291)
• Must cover Hand Safety in toolbox meetings weekly
  through out 2005.
• Example/Suggestion
• First Monday cover a toolbox topic.
• Second Monday cover a page out of the Hand
  Safety Book.
• Third Monday give hand audit results or other
  metrics that your site keeps.
• Fourth Monday share Hand Safety Network
  information Hand Injuries, statistics, C.O.T.,
  
• etc.
• Site is required to finish the year with a Hand
  Recordable Frequency Rate (HRFR) of less than or
  equal to the FCS average.If your site has the
  misfortune of having a hand recordable you will
  have the opportunity to turn that negative into a
  positive by communicating to the corporation
  (beyond a incident report) ways to prevent your
  hand injury from happening.
• Site is required to emphasis that hand position
  and engineering the hazard away from the hands is
  our first line of defense. The second line of
  defense is our hand Personal Protective Equipment
  which is mostly gloves. The criteria for this
  will be to conduct quarterly glove inspection.
  Check for glove condition, proper glove use,
  proper fit, etc...

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2005 Hand Safety Excellence Award

• Criteria
• 1. The site must complete the year 2005 without a
  Hand Recordable.
• 2. The site must submit an example of
  'engineering out' the hand exposure. (example
  'push sticks' for table saws)
• The list of 'engineering' solutions will be
  posted on the Hand Safety web page.
• 3. The site must have an active Hand Safety
  Program that emphasize hand safety at least
  monthly throughout the year. 
• 4. The site must utilize a single month in 2005
  to emphasize hand safety. 
• (June is the month the Hand Safety Network has
  chosen for the FCS Hand Safety Month.)

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The Program is a combination of communication and
continued awareness of Hand Safety

• Hand Safety Communication
• Post Hand Safety program
• Complete Hand Safety Critical Operating Task
  (C.O.T.)
• Slogan Contest
• Goals Milestones
• Posters
• Toolbox topics
• Audit results

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The Site Leadership must give visible support

• Attending Hand Safety meetings or audits
• Support with money for promoting Hand Safety
• Milestone celebrations
• Awards
• Give aways - gloves, contests, stickers
• Communicating support
• E-mail
• Staff meeting

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Facility Construction Services Recordables
Metrics
Hand Hand HRFR Recordables
Recordables Recordables Year 2001  0.250
30 20 67 Year 2002 0.344
38 22 58 Year 2003  0.177
22 10 45 Year 2004 0.173
19 9 47 YTD July 2005 0.087
14 3 21
HRFRHand Recordable Frequency Rate
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Results (First half of 2005)
Hand Injuries
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Target Safety Implementation ModelGets Results
Recordable Hand Injuries
25
20
15
10
5
0
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
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Hand Safety - Summary

• Hands are the Body part with the most exposure
• Facility Construction Services, Contractors,
  DuPonters, All workers
• Raise awareness and keep it up
• Set goals and/or milestones
• Measure your progress
• Celebrate and set new goals

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Hans B. Ware
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Eye Safety Program
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Project Record Eye injuries constituted 41 of
all the first aid injuries
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The owners corporate safety manager was the
official champion of the eye safety program. He
kicked off the program and continued to monitor
it during the project execution phase. The site
safety officer was a willing and easy recruit to
assist.
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To Project Personnel
We are about to embark on a study with regards to
eye protection. This study is being supported by
our corporate safety department and they have
requested your help. We have examined all first
aid data with regards to eye injuries but we now
want to quantify on average how many times we
need to remind personnel in the field to wear the
proper eye protection for the task they were
performing. In the time period form January 2005
thru the end of May 2005, How many times on
average did you have to remind personnel in the
field to put on proper eye protection?
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There was considerable variation between the
observations of different individuals however,
the average rate of non-compliance 12
incidents per 24-hour period
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Strong Emphasis on Compliance with the Existing
100 Eye Protection Program that was Implemented
at the Beginning of the Project (Enforcement had
been weak)
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Constant (daily) Reminders about wearing eye
protection (whenever workers were observed
without safety eyewear)
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Eye Injury Report Form Please report all
work-related eye injuries to help develop
improved work practices. Eye injuries include
injuries to the eyeball, surrounding tissue such
as the lids, and the bones forming the eye
socket. 1. Injured worker information ?
Workers initials (first/middle/last) __________
Gender _ Male _ Female
Age __________ Job title/type of work
_____________________________________ Date
of injury (mo/day/yr) _____/_____/_____ Was
there 1 day (8 hr) or more of lost work-time? _
Yes _ No _ Unknown 2. Employer information
Nature of business________________________________
____ Contact name ___________________________
_____________ Title ____________________
Company name _____________________ Address
____________________________________________
City _____________________State ____ Zip
______________ Phone (____) _____________
FAX (____) _________________ 3. Part of body
injured (Check all that apply) Location of
Injury __ right eye __ left eye
__ both eyes _ Eyeball
_ Other tissue around eye _ Bone, eye
socket _ Eye lid _
Other______________
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4. Nature of injury (Check all that apply) _
Corneal scratch/abrasion _ Thermal
burn _ Foreign body on eye surface _
Chemical burn _ Foreign body in eyeball
_ Radiation burn (welder flash) _ Puncture
of eyeball _ Blunt trauma
to eye _ Laceration to eye or lid
_ Blood in eye _ Facial fracture _ Other
__________________ 5. Source of injury (check
one) _ Chemicals and chemical products (includes
wet/dry cement mix) _ Furniture and fixtures
(includes wall/floor/window coverings) _
Machinery _ Parts and materials (includes
building materials/fasteners) _ Persons, plants,
animals, and minerals _ Structures and surfaces _
Tools, instruments, and equipment _ Vehicles _
Other sources (scrap/debris) describe
________________________ 6. Injury event or
exposure (check one) _ Contact with objects and
equipment _ Falls _ Bodily reaction and
exertion _ Exposure to harmful substance or
environments _ Transportation accidents _ Fire
and/or explosion _ Assaults and violent acts _
Other events or exposures (describe)
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7. At the time of the injury was the worker
wearing any of the following items ___
prescription glasses ___contact lenses
___sunglasses ___ eye protection
___face protection If No (skip to question 11)
If Unknown (skip to question 11) 8. What
vision aids and/or eye protection were worn at
the time of the injury? (Check all items that
were worn) _ Prescription glasses (non-safety)
__ Gogglesdirect vented ___Face
shield--plastic _ Contact lenses _
Gogglesindirect vented _ Face shieldwire
mesh _ Sunglasses (non-safety) _
Gogglesnon vented _ Face shieldplastic
mesh _ Prescription safety glasses with side
shields _ Gogglesventing unknown _
Welding helmet _ Prescription safety glasses--no
side shields _ Cup goggles
_ Welding goggles _
Non-prescription safety glasses with side
protection _ Wire mesh goggles _
Full-face respirator _ Non-presc. safety
glassesno side protection _
Laser goggles _ Non-presc. safety glassesside
protection unknown _ Other (describe)
_______________________________ 9. How was the
worker/student injured while wearing the item(s)
checked in question 8? (check one) _
Object/chemical went around glasses/protector
_ Frame broke caused
injury _ Object went through glasses/protector
_ Lens
shattered entered eye _ Object/impact forced
glasses/protector into eye
_ Lens was knocked out of frame _
Glasses/protector was knocked off
_ Glasses/protector
were lifted up/not in proper position _ Other
(describe) 10. If the safety eye protection was
damaged in the injury event, what type of
material was damaged? (Check all that apply) _
Polycarbonate plastic lens/shield _
Acrylic plastic lens/shield _ CR39 or Hi-Index
plastic lens _ Other or
unknown-type plastic lens/shield _ Glass lens
_
Wire or plastic mesh lens/shield _ Plastic
frame/headgear _
Metal frame/headgear _ Other (describe)
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11. Describe the medical treatment required other
than simple first aid (Check all that apply) _
Emergency department visit _ Physician/clinic
visit _ Eye specialist visit _ Eye
surgery--repair or removal of an object _ Eye
surgeryremoval of the eye _ Hospitalization
(?24hrs) _ Other (describe) Was there a
permanent loss of vision? _Yes _ No 12. Please
describe how the eye injury occurred including
the job at the time, equipment that was used,
where the work was done, the type of injury, and
any other factors which may have contributed to
the injury. A detailed company incident report
may be attached in place of this narrative. Use
additional paper if necessary Checklist of
narrative items to include _ Eye protection
worn _ If safety eye protection failed, why?
___________________ _ Type of work being done
(general) ________________________________ _
Specific task _________________________________ _
__ Bystander or ___helper _ Equipment/tools
used ___ powered? ___hand tool? _ Materials
handled or worked with (e.g., type of material
sawing, welding or grinding) _ Location
___inside ___outside--weather
lighting type of structure ____________________
_ Type of Injury ___ struck by flying
object ___ welding burn (UV) ___ blunt
trauma ___ chemical splash ___ assault ___
vehicle accident (airbag injury) _ Nature of
Injury ___foreign body, corneal ___scratch,
nail in eye, etc.
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Spoggles Were Introduced
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Compliance went from about 90 to over 95 within
the first few days of the new initiative
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Implementation Case StudyDramatic Improvements
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Target Safety Implemented
Total Eye Injuries
40
30
20
Recordable Eye Injuries
10
0
Mar-05
Apr-05
May-05
Jun-05
Jul-05
Aug-05
Sep-05
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Loading and Off-Loading of Trailers
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Project Stand Down

• Two ad hoc committees to evaluation the accident
  and develop modified procedures
• 3 days later, the two groups consolidated their
  ideas
• Recommended procedures completed in 5 days

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3 Stanchions (min)
Safe Zone
4 ft
4 ft
Ladders Tied Off No Double-Tier Stacking of
Materials Taglines attached to Rigging Crane
Operators Trained on the new Procedures
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Results No incidents in 1,000 Loads
and 500,000 hours of work
High Level of Compliance
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The End