Natural Computing Environment for Electronic Technical Books

1
Natural Computing Environment for Electronic
Technical Books
Som Karamchetty, PhD, PE 10816 Terrier Court,
Columbia, MD 21044 [phone],
somk_at_comcast.net http//home.comcast.net/somk/som
etechnologies/home.htm November 2004
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

3
Problem Assessment Motivation

• Software for technical problem solving is
• costly
• inflexible
• error-prone
• cryptic
• Current (and evolving) electronic books or
  e-books are
• limited to display and reading only
• contain passive text
• Current (paper) technical books
• are limited in their usability for calculations
• come with application software on separate
  CD-ROMs
• The need is for computing tools that present
  technical information for
• reading
• calculation of technical results, and
• creation of new knowledge (algorithms) on the
  fly.

4
Textbooks with CD-Rom
Technical Books
CD-Rom or floppy disk
Currently CD-Rom software is appended to
textbooks. This disconnected information is less
than optimal.
5
Current Calculators help technical Calculations
Current calculators merely display graphs and
tables but do not reuse them in calculations.
Knowledge generation is slow and application
software is not intuitive.
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Desktop Publishing
Currently desktop publishing (including technical
information) presents static text, equations,
tables, graphs, and pictures. Users depend on
separate application software to perform
calculations, which is archaic.
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Solution

• Natural Computing 1 (NC) system envisages
• preprogramming equations, tables, graphs, and
  procedures
• embeds functions and procedures within text
• allows domain specialists to set up procedures
  to solve
• problems without further programming
• permits intuitive calculations by users.
• Electronic technical books (etbook) capture and
  present technical
• information using NC
• Users can read
• information
• perform calculations
• develop and store new information and
  calculation procedures
• produce new etbooks on the fly

1 Intellectual property rights for Natural
Computing are owned by the US Army Research
Laboratory. Developers may license the
invention. Som Karamchetty is the inventor
(patent 5,680,557 ).
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Product and Market

• Electronic Technical Book (etbook) Software
  with Natural Computing
• techniques is the key to development of future
  scientific and technical
• information
• Textbooks, handbooks, journal papers, trade
  books
• Electronic calculators, desktop or notebook
  calculators
• Market Potential (global)
• Publishers of thousands of technical books
  (main licensees)
• 100 million users (faculty, engineers,
  scientists, analysts, students)
• 1 billion technical documents (books, journals,
  reports, data sheets)

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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

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An Example Page Sketch, Equations, and Text.
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An Example Page Graph, Equations, and Text.
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An Example Page Table, Equations, and Text.
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(No Transcript)
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Calculational Relationships

• There are three types of relationships used in
  calculations
• Equations
• Tables
• Graphs
• We can combine them into
• Procedures (algorithms, programs)

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Ideal Gas Relationship as a C Language Program
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A Map Has Knowledge
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Algorithms
Directions are algorithmic they do not give
knowledge. A map gives knowledge.
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Example of a Sketch (Schematic) with a State
Diagram
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Mollier Chart or Steam Chart
It is a highly complex Graph Presents a lot of
knowledge.
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The Essence of Natural Computing

• Define
• Equations as Objects
• Tables as Objects
• Graphs as Objects
• Sketches as Objects
• Procedures as objects
• Containing and connecting other objects
• Text as a Container Object with other embedded
  objects
• Develop an interface and development environment
• Instantiate objects in a domain
• Incorporate domain knowledge
• Text
• Relationships (Equations, Tables, Graphs,
  Procedures)

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Traditional Computing Model of Software and
Domain Development.
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Natural Computing Model of Software and Domain
Development.
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

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Table parts as defined by Government Printing
Office
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Table parts as defined by Government Printing
Office
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Anatomy of a Table
Footnote
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Anatomy of a Table (for Natural Computing)
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Anatomy of a Table (for Natural Computing)
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Anatomy of a Table (for Natural Computing)
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Example Table with Interesting Features
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Types of Possible Tables (with Anatomy)
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Representation of Parts
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Use of a Table to read it
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

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A Graph is drawn to show the path of an arrow
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Two Graphs are drawn to show the distance and
velocity with time
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A Graph example Note type of scale
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A Graph Discrete values not a continuous curve
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A Graph or a number of curves
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A Very Complex Graph Mollier Diagram or Steam
Chart
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A Complex Graph
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Anatomy of a Graph
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Several Curves
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A Graph with Several Parametric Curves and
Semilog Plot
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A Graph with a Sketch in it
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A Complex Graph (But, Highly Intuitive)
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A Simple Graph Class
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A Graph Operation


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A Graph Operation
Graph 1
12
10
8
Income (K)
6
4
2
10
20
30
60
40
50
Months
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A Graph Operation
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Interactive use of a Graph
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Program or Procedure use of a Graph
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

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An Equation
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

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A Procedure in Natural Computing
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

58
(No Transcript)
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Outline

• Problem Assessment and Motivation
• Description of Natural Computing Concept
• Evolving a Table Object
• Evolving a Graph Object
• Evolving an Equation Object
• Evolving a Procedure Object
• Evolving an ETBook Object
• Benefits and Conclusions

60
Summary Description

• Natural Computing (NC) system
• A software package that allows publication of
• electronic technical books (etbooks)
• NC allows tables, graphs, equations, sketches,
  and other calculation
• functions to be preprogrammed for use in books
  and documents
• NC allows for the development of calculation
  procedures
• Allows functional objects to be embedded in
  text for use in calculations
• NC enables production of technical textbooks,
  which are both
• reading material
• computer programs
• Development of calculation procedures becomes
  simple
• Technical book development becomes very easy
• Eliminates the need for special programmers to
  develop domain-specific
• calculation programs
• etbooks allow concurrent comprehension and
  computation

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Summary Features

• Natural Computing has patent protection
• Unique niche
• Calculations embedded in textbooks
• Eliminates need for programmers
• Faster generation of technical knowledge
• Great comprehension of technical information
• (because text and calculations coexist)
• Excellent revenue and profit stream
• Dominance in a new niche market
• Excellent fit with Internet, Intranet, and Web
• Good fit with mobile electronic books

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Market Potential

• Customers
• Technical book publishers
• Engineers, scientists, analysts, and
  professionals
• Competition
• None in the total functionality of etbooks with
  NC
• Word processors (for text development)
• Mathematica (for equations only)
• Graphics programs (for sketch features)
• Risks
• Technical risk of product not working very low
• Market risk of users not choosing NC very low
• Earnings risk of not enough sales low

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Conclusions

• Natural Computing enables Electronic Technical
  Books
• EtBooks allow capture of science and
  engineering knowledge
• EtBooks allow ready use of knowledge
• EtBooks allow rapid generation of knowledge
• EtBooks will have a good market

EtBook development with Natural Computing can be
a viable business.