Physical Science

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Physical Science
the study of matter and energy.
Importance of Physical Science
Studying Physical Science
Specialization
Physical science is the study of matter and energy
Specialization is working in one area of a subject
Discoveries of physical scientists are important
in everyday life
Physical science has two main branches
Specialized fields of physical science include
biochemistry, thermodynamics, optics, and nuclear
physics
Physical scientists have researched nuclear
energy to reduce worlds energy problems
Chemistry is the study of the structure and
makeup of matter and changes matter undergoes
Physical scientists are researching other
alternative sources of energy
Physics deals with energy and matter and how they
interact
Discovery of new materials has resulted in
development of plastics, ceramics, and other
products

Studying matter and how it reacts with other
substances has created new materials for everyday
life.
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Properties of Matter
the characteristics used to describe an object.
Physical Sciences
Properties of Matter
Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up
space
Chemistry is study of structure and makeup of
matter and changes matter undergoes
Properties are characteristics used to describe
an object
Mass is amount of matter a sample contains
Chemists study how different kinds of matter
change and combine
Properties include color, shape, hardness, mass,
volume, weight, and density
Volume is amount of space sample takes up
Weight is measure of pull of gravity on sample of
matter
Physics is the study of ways that different forms
of energy and matter interact
Density tells how much matter is in a unit volume
Physicists study the different forms of energy

Physical scientists study the properties of
matter and energy.
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Changes in Matter
distinguishing between physical and chemical
changes.
Physical Changes
Physical Properties
Chemical Changes
Physical properties can be observed or measured
without changing makeup of substance
Physical changes involves physical properties of
material
Chemical change results in new kind of matter
being formed
Physical change does not produce new substances
E.g., burning wood, rusting of iron, digesting
food
States of matter are physical properties
Physical properties include shape, size, color,
and texture
E.g., sawing of wood, cutting apple in half

Changes in matter can be either physical or
chemical.
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State Changes
ways in which matter can change from one state to
another.
Evaporation Condensation
State Changes
Freezing Melting
Sublimation
Freezing is change from liquid to solid
Evaporation is change from liquid to gas at
surface of liquid
Sublimation is change of a solid directly to a
gas without passing through liquid state
A change in matter from one state to another
At freezing point, liquid loses enough heat to
change to solid
Particles at surface gain enough heat to change
to gas state
Sublimation point is temperature at which solid
changes to gas
Four main kinds of change of state
During change of state, there is change in heat
energy
Melting is change from solid to liquid
Condensation is change from gas to liquid
Substance gains or loses heat during state change
At melting point, solid gains enough heat to
change to liquid
Particles in gas lose heat energy and change into
liquid

When matter changes from one state to another, a
substance gains or loses heat energy.
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States of Matter
the four physical forms, or states, of matter.
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
State of matter with definite volume but no
definite shape
State of matter with no definite shape or volume
State of matter made of electrically charged
particles
State of matter with definite shape and volume
Particles are in constant motion
Particles are tightly packed
Particles can change position
Rare on earth
Particles can only vibrate in place
Particles take shape of container
Particles take shape of container
Found where temperatures and pressures are
high-stars
Cannot change position easily
Particles move to all parts of container
Scientists have created plasmas in laboratory

All matter can exists in one of four states
solid, liquid, gas, or plasma.