Physical Science

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Chapter 1

• Section 1

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Major Categories of Science

• Life Science
• Deals with living things
• Earth Science
• Investigates Earth and space
• Physical Science
• Matter Energy

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Matter Energy

• Chemistry
• The study of what substances are made of and how
  they change and combine
• Physics
• The study of forms of energy and the laws of
  motion

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Scientific Method

• An organized set of investigation procedures
• Set of 6 steps

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6 steps to Scientific Method

1. State the problem
2. Gather information
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Analyze data
6. Draw (state) conclusion

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Info 2 Know

• Hypothesis
• Educated guess or explanation
• Experiment
• Tests the effect of one thing on another using a
  controlled conditions.
• Variable
• Quantity with more than a single value
• Bias
• When opinions change how results are viewed

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Experimenting

• Dependent Variables
• Change based on other variables
• Independent Variables
• What you change to see how the dependent variable
  will be affected
• Constant
• a factor (variable) that does not change within
  an experiment
• Control
• The standard used to compare test results

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Reviewing Scientific Method

1. State the problem
2. Gather information
3. Form a hypothesis
4. Test the hypothesis
5. Analyze data
6. Draw (state) conclusion

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Science Explains Nature

• Why do scientific explanations change?

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Modeling

• Representative of an idea, event, or object to
  help better understand it
• Historical
• Lord Kelvin light/space
• High-tech
• NASA flight simulators

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• Theory
• An explaination of things or events based on
  knowledge gained from many observations and
  investigations
• Scientific Law
• A statement about what happens in nature and that
  seems to be true all the time

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• What limitations are there within science?

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Using Science

• Technology
• Application of science
• Doesnt always follow science
• Doesnt always produce positive results
• Nuclear
• Genetic

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Chapter 1

• Section 2

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Standards of Measurements

• Standard
• Exact quantity that people agree to use
• SI System
• International System of Units Measurements
• Improved version of the metric system
• Base 10 number system
• Universally accepted understood by scientists
  throughout the world

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SI Base Units
Quantity Measured Unit Symbol
Length Meter m
Mass Kilogram kg
Time Second s
Electric Current Ampere A
Temperature Kelvin K
Amount of Substance Mole mol
Intensity of Light Candela cd
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Common Prefixes
Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor
Giga- G 1,000,000,000
Mega- M 1,000,000
Kilo- k 1,000
Hecto- h 100
Deka dk 10
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More Common Prefixes
Prefix Symbol Multiplying Factor
Deci- d 0.1
Centi- c 0.01
Milli- m 0.001
Micro- µ 0.000 001
Nano- n 0.000 000 001
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• Volume
• amount of space occupied by an object
• Length Width Height (Vlwh)
• Mass
• Measurement of the quantity of matter in an
  object
• Density
• Mass per unit of Volume of a material

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Density
m V

• D

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Temperature

• Fahrenheit
• Non-metric
• Celsius
• Metric equivalent
• Kelvin
• Metric Absolute Scale

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Conversions
Conversions

• F ? C
• 5/9(F 32) C
• C ? F
• C9/5 32 F

• C ? K
• C 273 K
• K ? C
• K 273 C

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Chapter 1

• Section 3

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Visual Displays

• Line Graph
• Shows relationship between dependent variable and
  independent variable
• Bar Graph
• Comparing info collected by counting
• Pie Graph
• Part to Whole

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Bar Graphs
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Pie Graph