Democratisation PI4554

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Democratisation PI4554

• 9th February 11th May
• Dr.Christian W. HaerpferReader, PIR

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Democratization in Post-Communist Europe

• End of Communist regimes
• November 1989 Central and Southeast Europe
• December 1991 End of Soviet Union

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Democratization in Post-Communist Europe

• Failed attempts of democratization
• 1953 GDR partial attempt
• 1956 Hungary full attempt
• 1968 Czechoslovakia full attempt
• 1980 Poland partial attempt

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Democratization in Hungary

• 1980s Goulash Communism
• Combination of Communism and Capitalism
• Private ownership of farms and small enterprises
• Freedom of travel
• Homogenous central state
• Janos KADAR

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Democratization in Yugoslavia

• Regime Josip Broz Tito Tito-ism
• Third Way between Communism and Capitalism
• Freedom of travel
• Komplex federal structure of state

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Democratization in Poland

• 1980 Trade union Solidarity
• Lech Walesa
• Strong civil society church trade union
• Hybrid regime Communism military rule
• General Woiciech Jaruzelski
• Small capitalist reforms in agriculture

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Democratization in Soviet Union

• 1985 1990 Michael Gorbachev
• 1. Perestroika - restructuring
• 2. Glasnost openness
• 3. Uskorenie - acceleration
• August 1991 coup attempt MG in Foros

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No Democratization before 1989

• Czechoslovakia Normalization after 1968
• Romania- regime Nicolae Ceaucescu
• Bulgaria regime Todor Schivkov
• Albania- regime Enver Hodscha

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Non-violent Democratization

• Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia
• Round-table in Hungary
• Round-table in Poland
• Elite coup in Bulgaria

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Violent Democratization

• Long civil war in Yugoslavia
• Coup in Soviet Union in August 1991
• Short civil war Execution of Ceausescus in
  Romania

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Second wave of post-Communist Democratization

• Rose revolution in Georgia
• Orange revolution in Ukraine
• Tulip revolution in Kyrgyzstan
• Failed Denim revolution in Belarus

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Successful Democratization

• Hungary
• Poland
• Slovenia
• Slovakia
• Czech Republic
• 3 Baltic countries