Specifications

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Specifications

• Interior designers often specify items used in
  the design and construction of an interior
  environment.
• Specifications describe the quality of materials
  and their construction or installation.
• They include information that cannot be
  communicated graphically in the drawings.

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There are four different types of specifications

• Proprietary specification requires a specific
  product from a specific manufacturer indicated by
  a brand name or model number
• For example Knoll Group, Studio Line, Barcelona
  Chair, with black leather upholstery is a
  proprietary spec.

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Specification types

• Descriptive specification details the
  requirements for material properties and
  workmanship. Manufacturers and products are not
  named. Descriptive specs. are the most difficult
  to write because every aspect of a product must
  be considered, and described.

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Specification types

• Performance these specifications describe the
  required results of a product's use. They
  describe how a product or material is to perform,
  not necessarily what it is. The construction
  contractor, or FFE contractor, has a choice of
  products, materials, and processes that will be
  used to achieve these results.

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Specification types

• Reference Standard specifications are based on
  requirements set by an accepted authority, such
  as complying with ANSI A108 Specifications for
  Installation of Ceramic Tile.
• Reference specs. tend to be the briefest type of
  specs.

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Paints and Coatings

• What is paint?
• Paints are made up of four components pigment,
  binder, solvent/liquid carrier, and additives.
• Varnishes, which form transparent or
  semi-transparent films, are made up of the last
  three components, with colored varnishes
  containing small amounts of pigment.

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• Pigments, which give color and opacity/covering
  power, are finely dispersed solid particles. In
  some cases they can be used to impart certain
  protective properties, eg rust prevention, and to
  control gloss levels

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• The binder is the material that forms the film,
  giving protection to the substrate and keeping
  the pigment in place and evenly dispersed. It may
  be made up of a single, or a combination of
  polymers. The binder may be dissolved in a
  solvent, or in the form of an emulsion or
  colloidal dispersion in water. This results in
  solvent-borne and water-borne paints,
  respectively.

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• The solvent/liquid carrier is used to effect
  application of the coating. It may be water or an
  organic solvent, or a mixture of both, and thins
  the paint or varnish, allowing it to be brushed,
  sprayed, dipped or rolled.
• Once on the substrate, the solvent evaporates,
  leaving the dry film coating. The term 'liquid
  carrier' is preferable because the liquid may not
  be a true solvent for the binder.

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• Additives are used, in small amounts, to modify
  the film or paint. Examples are driers, which
  promote the drying time of some coatings
  flow-control agents, which give a smooth surface
  defoamers, which prevent the formation of bubbles
  that could dry in the film and anti-skinning
  agents to prevent the paint from forming a 'skin'
  in the can

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Water Base Vs. Solvent Base

• Water-based non-flammable, clean up with water,
  quick drying in good conditions, low VOC content,
  low odor, non-yellowing
• Solvent-based better drying in cold, damp
  conditions, better low-temperature storage, no
  can corrosion problems, less wood-grain raising,
  higher gloss

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fire retardant and fire resistant
coatings flame retardant paints slow the rate
of flame spread intumescent coatings bubble up,
or expand, when exposed to extremely high
heat fire resistant paints are not as
effective at controlling the spread of flames as
intumescent, or fire retardant paints. fire
resistant paint does not burn, but it also does
not help control the spread of the flames.
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• Washing machine manufacturers do not need to buy
  cans of paint to give color to their products.
• Instead, they buy huge rolls of sheet steel
  already treated and coated with flexible and
  durable paints that allow the appliance casings
  to be cut and formed into shape without damage.

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• This technique, known as 'coil coating', used to
  make this 'bendable' paint. A thin coil of the
  metal to be painted is cleaned and pretreated
  before being fed along a coating line whereby the
  primer, top and back paint layers are applied in
  two stages. After each paint application, the
  coil is oven cured and allowed to cool before the
  painted coil emerges at the end of the process.
  The coating is formulated to have great
  flexibility, allowing the coated metal to be
  manipulated without the paint cracking.

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Wallcoverings

• Wallcoverings offer improved durability over
  typical paint finishes while providing texture
  and pattern to the wall surface.
• The most widely used wallcoverings for commercial
  use are vinyls.
• There is a classification system used to compare
  all types of commercial wallcovering.
• This is the ASTM F793 Standard Classification of
  Wallcoverings by Durability Characteristics.

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Wallcovering Classification

• Category 1 decorative only
• Category 2 decorative with medium
  serviceability
• Category 3 decorative with high serviceability
• Category 4 Type I Commercial serviceability
• Category 5 Type II Commercial serviceability
• Category 6 Type III Commercial serviceability

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Vinyl wallcoverings

• There is a special standard that describes vinyl
  wallcovering as
• Type I light duty, with a minimum weight of 7
  oz/sq. yard
• Type II medium duty, with a minimum weight of 13
  oz/sq. yard
• Type III heavy duty, with a minimum weight of 22
  oz/sq. yard

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materials backings

• Vinyl
• scrim, a loosely woven fabric backing used on
  Type I vinyls
• Osnaburg, a loose open weave fabric used on Type
  II vinyls
• Drill, a dense woven fabric with good dimensional
  stability used on Type II and Type III vinyls
• Nonwoven, a paperlike backing used on Type I
  vinyls.

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• Wood Veneer bonding wood veneer (about 1/64"
  thick) to a woven backing material.
• Textiles paper backing or a latex coating
• Fiberglass a fiberglass fabric that is applied
  to a backing. Fiberglass wallcoverings must be
  painted after they are installed.
• Wallpaper paper wallcoverings are generally
  restricted to residential use because of
  fragility and poor wear resistance.

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Wall preparation

• Four traditional ways to prepare a wall surface
  for a wallcovering
• Seal usually oil based
• Size reduces the absorbency of the surface
• Prime assure proper adhesion
• Wall liner nonwoven sheets cover cracks or
  holes in preparation for a finished wallcovering

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Upholstered wall systems

• site constructed coverings that stretch fabric
  taut over a frame and infill material. the frame
  material is typically either a plastic extrusion,
  or a wood frame.

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Ceiling Finishes

• Ceilings are central in defining the volume of a
  space and shape the diffusion of sound and light
  within a space.
• Ceilings also typically conceal an array of
  systems components, in a plenum space.
• Ceilings in a space can be
• suspended
• exposed
• tightly attached

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GRG glass reinforced gypsum

• glass reinforced gypsum (GRG) is used to make
  shapes that used to be made of plaster column
  covers, domes, and molded to nearly any shape.

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Acoustics

• When you notice a difference between loud sounds
  and quiet ones, your ears are perceiving changes
  in sound pressure level.
• Intensity (or volume) is measured in decibels
  (dB).
• Zero (0) dB is the softest sound that can be
  heard.

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• Normal conversation is around 40dB to 60dB, a
  whisper around 30dB. A rock concert can average
  between 110 and 120 dB.
• Pain from hearing is subjective. Levels below 125
  dB may be painful to some individuals.
• The sound from a jet plane is approximately 140
  dB

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• Decibels are measured on a logarithmic scale.
• Each increase of 10 on the scale represents a
  tenfold increase in loudness.
• 20 dB is 10 times as loud as 10 dB 30 dB is 100
  times louder than 10 dB, and so on.

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Acoustic properties

• There are two considerations in evaluating the
  acoustic properties of a ceiling system
• sound absorption typically lightweight, porous
  materials
• noise isolation typically dense and reflective
  materials

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Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)

• a rating of the sound absorbing efficiency of a
  material, and can be used to compare different
  ceiling panels.
• the higher the NRC number, the more sound a
  surface can absorb

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