Automated Xray Time Detection

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Automated X-ray Time Detection
Team Members Joe Poblocki, Prakash Rao, Aaron
Huser, Pathik Soni, Kyle Fisher, and Tom
Knight Advisor Prof. John Webster,
Ph.D Client Dr. Walter Peppler, Ph.D Dept. of
Medical Physics/Radiology Dr. Gary Wendt,
M.D. Dept. of Radiology
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(No Transcript)
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Problem Statement

• The purpose of this project is to design a
  system that accurately and automatically detects
  the date and time of radiation exposure on a
  computed radiography (CR) cassette during x-ray
  exams.

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Problem Motivation

• Currently, the x-ray is assigned a time based on
  development, not that of exposure
• Potential for incorrect diagnoses and/or double
  exposure
• The possibility of human error exists

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Design Constraints

• Device should be as lightweight and thin as
  possible
• Software with an easy to use interface and
  customizable features
• Reliable data transmission
• Long battery life
• Device must be durable to withstand repeated use
  and accidental impacts
• Fluid- and light-resistant housing

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Background
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Background (cont.)

• Constraints with the x-ray reader
• Top of cassette has clearance of 7/8 in.
• Bottom of cassette has clearance of 2.25 in.
• Middle of cassette has clearance of 10-15 inches
• This is not taking into consideration the
  thickness of the cassette

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Background
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Detection and Amplification

• X-ray detector is comprised of Si photodiode
  coupled to scintillator
• Scintillators convert x-ray energy into high
  energy photons
• Photodiode absorbs photons and creates current
  flow in external circuit

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Design and Amplification
Based on ICL7650
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Design 1 Timestamp via Infrared Transmission
By Joe Poblocki and Kyle Fisher
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Timestamp via Infrared Transmission

• Infrared (IR) light is commonly used to transmit
  signals wirelessly.
• Our design couples IR with an X-Ray detector to
  automatically transmit time and patient
  information to a P.D.A. for storage.

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Infrared Signaling

• Common sources of infrared include light bulbs,
  central heating systems, and the human body which
  can interfere with transmission of signals.
• Modulating the signal allows the IR light source
  to blink in a particular frequency so the IR
  receiver, tuned accordingly, can ignore
  everything else.

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Timestamping Process
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Design Advantages

• Attachment to x-ray cartridge is small and
  lightweight
• Signal is transmitted automatically
• Inexpensive
• Reduces the possibility for human error
• Easily provides feedback to technician

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Potential Problems

• Unique signal must be created for transmitter to
  avoid interference
• Signal reliability is dependent upon the distance
  between the transmitter and receiver
• Adds additional step in x-ray stamping process

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Projected Cost

• P.D.A.
• IR Emitter
• IR Receiver
• X-Ray Detector
• USB Connection
• PDA module
• Total

• 400
• 15
• 75
• 30
• 25
• 1000
• 1515

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Design 2 PCMCIA Data Acquisition

• Team Members
• Aaron Huser
• Pathik Soni

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Overview
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Components of Time Stamping System

• Scintillation Crystal and Photodiode
• Operational Amplifier
• LabVIEW 7.1
• LabVIEW for PDA device
• National Instruments PCMCIA-4050
• PDA with Palm OS or Pocket PC 2003 OS
• Test Probes

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Possible Pocket PCs

• palmOne Zire 72
• 250
• 312 MHz processor
• Dell Axim X30
• 300
• 624 MHz processor
• hp iPAQ h4150
• 400
• 400 MHz processor

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Software Applications

• LabVIEW software used to make a program to
  acquire data
• LabVIEW PDA Module will allow software to be used
  on a PDA with Pocket PC OS 2002 or later
• LabVIEW or WinBatch will be used to take
  infromation from the PDA and store it in the
  X-Ray file

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PCMCIA 4050

• Probes monitor the voltage via connection with
  the operational amplifier
• PCMCIA card communicates with Pocket PC and
  LabVIEW
• Cost of probes and PCMCIA card 715

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Total Costs

• Dell Axim X30 PDA 300
• Scintillation Crystal and Photo Diode 30
• LabVIEW w/ PDA Module 1000
• PCMCIA 4050 and Probes 715
• ______________________________________
• Total 2045

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Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages
• Computer program records the time
• Pocket PC is portable
• Reduced potential for human error, everything is
  done electronically
• Disadvantages
• Cost (2000 )
• Probe wires, photo diode, and pocket pc will all
  be on the cassette

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Design 3 Wireless PDA with Confirmation System
By Tom Knight and Prakash Rao
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Wireless PDA with Confirmation System

• Flow Diagrams of PDA and Laptop Functions
• PDA Functions
• Laptop Functions
• Benefits of System
• Possible Concerns
• Expenses

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System Process Flow Diagrams
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PDA Functions
PDA Located on X-ray Machine

• Scan Barcode of Patient ID
• Scan Barcode of Film ID
• Verify with Laptop that Film has not
  been Exposed
• Sense Voltage Increase from X-Ray Exposure
• Record the Time and Date of Exposure
• Transmit all Information to Laptop Database

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Laptop Functions
Laptop Located in Developing Room

• Receives Patient ID, X-ray ID, Time and Date from
  PDA
• Verifies for PDA that Film ID is not exposed
• Acknowledge that both PDA and Laptop Received
  Sent information
• Keeps Database of Patient ID with Film ID and
  Time
• After Developing, Technician Changes Time and
  Date of X-ray

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Benefits of System

• Accurately Records Time and Date
• Operates with Minimal Human Interaction
• Communicates Wirelessly, Automatically
• Equipment not Exposed to X-ray Radiation
• Multiple X-ray Machines can be Integrated
• Cassettes only require addition of X-ray detector
  
• Requires only 1 PDA per machine
• Requires only 1 Laptop per developing room

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Possible Concerns

• Wireless Interference and Quality
• Technician Transcribing Error
• Process of Plugging Cassette into PDA

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Expenses

• X-ray Detector lt 30
• PDA 450
• Laptop 900 (could use
  current PC)
• USB Oscilloscope 200
• USB Hub (splitter) 20
• Barcode Scanner 70
• PDA Module 1000 (UW Software used)

Price per Cassette lt 30
Price per Machine 750
Initial expense Range 1800-2700
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Future Work

• Research effects of X-Rays on semi-conductors
• Research educational discounts for software
• Research more DAQ techniques
• Write LabVIEW and WinBatch programs
• Test LabVIEW and WinBatch programs
• Evaluate small group designs and choose a final
  design

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• Any Questions?

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Works Cited

• Hamamatsu Photonics Homepage. lthttp//usa.hamamats
  u.comgt.
• Infrared Remote Control Technology.lthttp//www.ep
  anorama.net/links/irremote.htmlgt.
• National Instruments- Test and Measurements.
  lthttp//www.ni.comgt.
• PC World. 03 June 2004. lthttp//www.pcworld.com/r
  eviews/article/0,aid,116027,00.aspgt.
• Somers, Steve. IR Control - The Invisible
  Frontier. lthttp//www.extron.com/technology/archi
  ve.asp?idirrf95gt.
• TotalBarcode.com. lthttp//www.totalbarcode.comgt.
• USB-Instruments. 2004. lthttp//www.usb-instruments
  .comgt.