THE CALL TO ARMS

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THE CALL TO ARMS

• Chapter 14
• Section 1

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• Lincoln Calls out Militia
• Called for 75,000 militia for 90 day service
• Most believed the war would be short
• Southern states refused

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VirginiaApril 17 1861
ArkansasMay 6 1861
Southern states secede rather than fight against
Southerners
North CarolinaMay 20 1861
TennesseeMay 7 1861
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VirginiaApril 17 1861
ArkansasMay 6 1861
Southern states secede rather than fight against
Southerners
North CarolinaMay 20 1861
TennesseeMay 7 1861
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Virginia very wealthy gave south many resources
VirginiaApril 17 1861
ArkansasMay 6 1861
Southern states secede rather than fight against
Southerners
North CarolinaMay 20 1861
TennesseeMay 7 1861
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Robert E Lee chose to lead the CSA army instead
of the US Army
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Maryland was very important to the United States
Mason Dixon Line
M a r y l a n d
V i r g i n i a
If Maryland joined the CSA, Washington would be
surrounded
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Maryland was very important to the United States
Mason Dixon Line
M a r y l a n d
Arrested all pro-southern lawmakers Maryland
Legislature then voted on whether to
secede Maryland voted to stay in Union
V i r g i n i a
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(No Transcript)
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Missouri and Delaware vote to stay with the Union
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Kentucky becomes neutral
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West Virginia separates from Virginia and joins
the Union
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North vs SouthStrengths

• Union
• 22 million people
• Most mineral, factory and naval resources
• Abraham Lincoln
• convinced north of need to fight to save
  democracy and union

• Confederacy
• 9 million people
• Had better and experienced generals
• Were on defensive
• shorter supply lines, more motivation (defending
  their homes)

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North vs SouthStrategy

• Union
• Conquer south and return them to Union
• Conquer South by destroying economy
• capture Mississippi river and blockade coast

• Confederacy
• Only needed to outlast north
• Avoid large battles and hope north tire of
  fighting
• South withheld cotton from world
• Hoped to force Britain and France to ally with
  CSA

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North vs SouthStrategy

• Confederacy
• There was too much cotton in 1861
• Europe didnt need CSA cotton
• CSA plan to get Europe to join war failed

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Decisive Victory Strategy

• Union
• Decisive Victory needed to destroy Confederate
  army to win

• Confederacy
• Decisive Victory needed to ruin norths fighting
  spirit and impress Europeans to join war

Resulted in large battles with high numbers of
casualties
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• Beginning of War
• North unprepared
• -- no experience with guns or horses
• South had been preparing

• No standard uniform caused confusion as to who
  was fighting

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• 140,000 die in action

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Marching to Manassas

• July 18, 1861 1st battle Bull Run
  (Manassas)
• people from DC came in carriages and had picnics
  to watch the fight

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Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Union 30,000
troops Confederates 20,000
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Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) Union 30,000
troops Confederates 20,000
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Stonewall Jackson

• General Thomas Jackson CSA gets nickname
  Stonewall
• His troops held their position while southern
  army retreated
• Inspired Confederate soldiers to keep fighting

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(No Transcript)
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Rebel Yell
Southerners counter attacked with rebel yell
drove back Yanks
Union line broken and retreat South did not chase
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Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run
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Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run

• Taught north it would be a long fight
• Lincoln call up 1 million man army
• Southerners felt more confident

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Effects of the First Battle of Bull Run
McClellan made General of the Northern Army
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Civil War Battle Hospital
220,000 die from disease in North Didnt have
antiseptics (anti germ drugs) or anesthetics
(pain killers) Doctors would perform surgery
without anesthetics
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Women in the War

• Women joined to cook and take care of men
• Women passed as men to fight in the war
• Women served as nurses
• Worked farms and businesses at home

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Clara Barton Served as a nurse during
war Created aid society to support soldiers
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• Elizabeth Blackwell
• Created Soldiers Aid Society
• Inspected health conditions of hospitals in war