That, Which, and Who

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That, Which, and Who
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Thumb Rule (AKA That vs. Which)

• Hang in with me here.
• That and which are used to introduce phrases.
• There are two kinds of phrases you need to know
  about. See the next slide.

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Restrictive Phrases

• A restrictive phrase restricts the meaning of the
  sentence it is a part of. These never have
  commas.
• The dog that had three legs won the race.
• Had three legs restricts the meaning of dog to
  one very specific dog.

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Non-restrictive Phrases

• Non-restrictive phrases provide information that
  is nice to have, but dont fundamentally change
  the meaning of the sentence. They are surrounded
  by commas.
• Ex The dog, which had the long coat, won the
  race.

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Choosing That vs. Which

• As you may have noticed from the examples
• That begins restrictive phrases.
• Which begins non-restrictive phrases.

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How do I tell the difference?

• Restrictive phrases provide information that is
  vital to the sentence. Non-restrictive phrases
  provide info that is nice to have, but not
  necessary.
• To tell the difference, use

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Eatons Thumb Rule

• Stick your thumb over the phrase you wonder
  about.
• If the sentence is fundamentally different, the
  phrase is restrictive. Begin the phrase with
  that.
• If the sentence is pretty much the same, but
  missing some descriptive info, its
  non-restrictive. Begin the phrase with which and
  put commas around it.

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Lets try it.

• The sound system ____ had purple speakers blasted
  music through the fraternity party.
• The sound system ____had 500 Watt speakers
  blasted music through the fraternity party.

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You may notice . . .

• That its difficult to do this with one sentence.
• You really need the context of the paragraph or
  even the whole document to tell if something is
  restrictive or not.

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Example of that

• In Marchs Dog Trot Race, the dog ____ had the
  white coat won the race.

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Example

• Every Dog Trot Race has been won by a dog with a
  black or brown coat. In Marchs Dog Trot Race,
  the dog ____ had the white coat won the race.

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Who!

• Who can be restrictive or nonrestrictiveit fills
  in for which or that when you are talking
  about people.

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Quotation Marks

• Only one problem Ive seen
• For periods, quotation marks always to outside
• She emphasized, Quotation marks always go
  outside periods.