The Diabetic Dilemma

1
The Diabetic Dilemma

• Anna Farkas
• Chicago Public Schools
• IIT Research Mentor Ali Cinar

This material is based upon work supported by the
National Science Foundation under grant No.
EEC-0502174. Any opinions, findings, and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this
material are those of the author(s) and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the National
Science Foundation.
2
Overview

• Topic Management and Control of Diabetes
• Target Audience Biology Anatomy/Physiology
  High School Students
• Time Required 3 weeks

3
Overview

• This module presupposes a working knowledge of
  atomic structure, chemical bonding, the basic
  chemicals of life, and the cell theory.
• Students should understand that the energy in
  food is in the chemical bonds and must be
  released in order for the cells to use it.
• Students should be familiar with online research
  techniques and the use of the Excel and
  PowerPoint programs.

4
Overview

• Objectives
• Students will gain understanding of the
  physiology, biochemistry, and management of
  diabetes.
• The project will complement the study of cellular
  metabolism, homeostasis, energy balance, and
  wellness.

5
Overview

• After working on background understanding and
  knowledge, students will be presented with
  several scenarios. They will design a management
  program including the diet, exercise, and insulin
  requirements of a diabetic. They will work on
  solving the problems of management as they arise
  in the interactive scenario using the glucosim
  program.

6
Overview

• Students will also design a wellness program for
  their patient. The program will use the nutrition
  planning table and the exercise table. Users will
  enter the type of physical activity performed,
  their intensity level and their duration. The
  software will compute the energy consumed and
  compare it with the energy intake.

7
Overview

• The module will consist of two units comprising
• Introduction and background understanding of the
  physiology and biochemistry of cellular
  metabolism, homeostasis, diabetes, nutrition, and
  energy balance
• Work on interactive scenarios and glucosim Work
  on wellness program and nutrition program.
  Student PowerPoint presentations of scenario
  findings and results

8
Overview

• The project meets ethical standards. There is no
  conflict of interest, as the project serves
  student needs and complies with educational
  standards. The module will be clearly designated
  as educational only, with no claims for actual
  therapeutic use and warnings against such use.

9
Overview

• Students will resolve various ethics problems
  such as
• Reporting of data without tampering
• Managing the patient to provide the best care
• Balancing patient welfare and research goals,
  for example, a drug company can invest in curing
  diabetes (one-time customer) vs.. maintaining a
  tolerable life style (life-long customer) or a
  food company may need to balance marketing
  profitable high-fat, high-salt, high-glucose
  foods and drinks vs. healthy foods.

10
Overview

• Illinois Learning Standards
• 11.A.4c Collect, organize and analyze data
  accurately and precisely.
• 11.A.4e Formulate alternative hypotheses to
  explain unexpected results.
• 11.A.4f Using available technology, report,
  display and defend to an audience conclusions
  drawn from investigations.

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Overview

• Illinois Learning Standards
• 11.A.5b Design procedures to test the selected
  hypotheses
• 11.A.5e Report, display and defend the results
  of investigations to audiences that may include
  professionals and technical experts

12
Overview

• Illinois Learning Standards
• 12.A.4b Describe the structures and organization
  of cells and tissues that underlie basic life
  functions including nutrition, respiration,
  cellular transport, biosynthesis and
  reproduction.
• 12.A.5a Explain changes within cells and
  organisms in response to stimuli and changing
  environmental conditions (e.g., homeostasis,
  dormancy).
• 13.B.5b Analyze and describe the processes and
  effects of scientific and technological
  breakthroughs.

13
Background

• Unit One Building Background Knowledge
• Lesson 1 Cellular Structure and Function
• This lesson serves as a review of cellular
  structure and function.
• Lesson 2 Cellular Metabolism
• Students will gain understanding of cellular
  respiration and use of energy sources.

14
Background

• Lesson 3 Nutrition
• Students will learn about the nutritional content
  of foods and the importance of food choices.
• Students will gain an understanding of cultural
  diversity and its influence on nutrition.
• Lesson 4 What is Diabetes?
• Students will gain understanding of the function
  of insulin and its role in cellular homeostasis.
• Students will learn about the symptoms,
  diagnosis, and management of diabetes.

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Student Project

• Unit Two Diabetes Management
• Lesson 5 Managing Your Patient
• Students will design a management program for
  their assigned patient.
• Students will use technology to input their
  choices and investigate the results.
• Lesson 6 Technology in Diabetes Management
• Students will learn about advances in the use of
  technology for the management of diabetes.

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Student Project

• Students will choose a scenario/patient.
• The students will be presented with problems in
  the management of diabetes relevant to their
  chosen scenario. The students will use the
  interactive programs to input their food,
  exercise, and insulin selections. The program
  will calculate the blood glucose based on the
  students choices.

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Materials

• Computers with Internet access
• Diskettes flash-drives for saving student work
• Printer capability
• Projection capability for student presentations
• Art supplies
• Poster boards

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Websites

• Sites for the online programs
• http//216.47.139.196/glucosim/
• This is an interactive online educational
  program for the management of diabetes
•  
• http//216.47.139.196/project2/meals1.asp
• This is an interactive online educational
  program for nutrition, wellness, and energy
  balance.

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Assessment

• Concepts to Assess
• Understanding of cellular structure
• Understanding of cellular respiration
• Understanding of glucose utilization
• Understanding of pancreatic physiology
• Energy balance and the role of fats
• Understanding of the issues of diabetic
  management

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Assessment

• Students will complete a pre-test and a post
  test.
• Students will complete an assessment product for
  each individual lesson.
• Students will record and graph data from
  scenarios and prepare and present a PowerPoint
  demonstration of their findings.