Chapter%207:%20Food%20and%20Agriculture

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Chapter 7 Food and Agriculture
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Historical Info

• Population estimated to be malnourished decreased
  from 900 million (1969-1971) to 800 million
  (1988-1990)
• Several million lives claimed by famines in
  Soviet Union, Bengal, China, and most recently in
  Africa
• Adequate levels of nutrition is most concerned
  with the future of agriculture

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Obstacles Agriculture Must Face

• Little new land cultivating (land per capita is
  declining)
• Productive land comes from expense of rain
  forests
• Aquifers are being drawn down
• Sites of new irrigation reservoirs are
  inconclusive
• Fertilizer and other chemical use contribute to
  pollution
• Fish stocks are falling

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Optimistic View on Agriculture

• Relied on advanced agricultural technology
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and
  Development (OECD) forecasts production growth of
  1.8 percent through 2010 (about 20 a decade),
  and raise production by 6 times
• Current debates for food demand in China
• rapid industrialization will lead to major growth
  in dependence of food imports
• imports by 2030 of 300-640 million metric tons of
  grain (grain is still the most basic and
  important food)

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Food and Agriculture Dynamics

• Food demand is a function of
• population size
• income available to that population through GDP
• share of income spent on food
• Supply side consists of processes and dynamics
  that seek to satisfy the demand
• Prices are the key to almost all production loops
• help determine whether profits and capital
  investments are made

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Improving Productivity

• The Consultative Group on International
  Agricultural Research (CGIAR) put together states
  and international (non) governmental
  organizations supported by 15 research centers
  all over the world
• contributed to grain production
• quintupled global meat production (rising rapidly
  in Asia)
• Asia consumes only 14 grams of animal protein per
  capita per day compared to 55 grams in Japan and
  71 grams in U.S.

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Food Aid

• Governments and organizations sometimes turn to
  food aid for countries in special need
• reduced deaths in African famines
• However, political failures such as wars and
  breakdowns of civil orders in the Middle East
  disrupt food production
• Therefore, food aid has been used less and
  improved technology become more reliant

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Fishing

• Fish catch is only 5 by weight of the worlds
  grain production and one-half by weight of global
  meat production
• fishing is a global source of protein
• Competition among ships from individual countries
  and global competition within the open ocean
  result in overfishing and financial losses
• Fish production is expanding in aquaculture or
  fish farming especially in Asia
• total production reached 23 million tons in 1996,
  more than doubling in a decade

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In Conclusion...

• On-going investigations have begun to prove that
  we (population) have a significant effect with
  respect to food
• Food and agriculture is one of many examples in
  which the ultimate goal is facilitation of choice
  in the face of uncertainty

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Quiz Questions

• 1. T F The population estimated to be
  malnourished increased from 1969 to 1990.
• 2. T F Levels of cholesterol is a concern
  when it comes to agriculture.
• 3. Which of the following obstacles does not
  deal with land?
• A. Reservoirs B. Fish stock C.
  Cultivation
• D. Rain forests
• 4. The OECD forecasts a production growth of
  what through the year 2010?
• A. 1.5 B. 2.8 C. 8.1 D. 1.8
• 5. Which of the following is the most basic and
  important food?

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Questions contd

• A. Meat B. Bread C. Grain D. Fish
• 6. Which of the following is not a function of
  food demand?
• A. Net Income B. Population size C.
  Share of income spent on food D. Income
  available through GDP
• 7. T F Although Asias meat production is
  rising rapidly, the United States consumes the
  most grams of animal protein.
• 8. T F Food aid is becoming more often used
  than technology.
• 9. Fishing is a global source of
• A. Cholesterol B. Iron C. Protein
  D. Carbohydrates
• 10. T F Aquaculture is expanding especially
  in Europe.