GETTING AROUND AS A HERP

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GETTING AROUND AS A HERP
What are the 2 primary roles of the axial
skeleton?
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GETTING AROUND AS A HERP
What are the 2 primary roles of the axial
skeleton?
1. Support Body 2. Propel the Body
THESE ROLES ARE BALANCED AGAINST ONEANOTHER
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How Lizards and Slanders Move?
1. Transfer weight to 3 limbs while other changes
position 2. Flexion of pine 3. No
Falling 4. Problems for breathing a. Muscles
allowing flexion used for breathing b. Transfer
air between lungs 5. When running have 2 legs off
ground
HOW DO TURTLES DIFFER?
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LOCOMOTION BY TURTLES IS ESSENTUALLY A CONTROLLED
SERIES OF FALLS
Fig 10-8
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WHAT ABOUT ANURANS?
Fig 1-2
On Land We think mostly of hopping/jumping, but
use other gaits In Water Swimming is mostly a
hind-limb approach
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Snakes and Other Legless Lizards use 6 Modes On
Land
Fig 10-11
Undulatory Locomotion
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Snakes and Other Legless Lizards use 6 Modes On
Land
Fig 10-12
Side-Pushing Locomotion
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Snakes and Other Legless Lizards use 6 Modes On
Land
Fig 10-13
Concertina Locomotion
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Snakes and Other Legless Lizards use 6 Modes On
Land
Fig 10-14
Sidewinding Locomotion
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Snakes and Other Legless Lizards use 6 Modes On
Land
Rectilinear Locomotion Use of Ribs and Belly
Scales to slowly crawl forward. Common among
large constrictors. Can often be seen when rat
snakes transverse boards. (Similar to a Roman
Galley). Saltation Reports of young vipers
exploding forward 1.5 times their body length
during strikes.
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Swimming Locomotion
Undulatory for Snakes, Salamanders,
Lizards Flying in Water by Sea Turtles (Series
of figure 8s) Four Limb Paddling of
Turtles Hind Legs of Frogs
10-17, 10-19
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Do Any Modern Herps Fly?
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Do Any Modern Herps Fly?
Powered Flight Birds, Pterosaurs Capable of
Climbing Falling Drop Strait
Down Parachuting Steep Descent of more than
45 Gliding Shallow Descent of less than 45
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Fossorial Locomotion--Digging
Limbless animals use head and concertina
motion Limbed animals use forelimbs for
swimming or scratch-digging.
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COMMUNICATION AMONG AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES
VISUAL TACTILE CHEMICAL AUDIO
What are the major benefits and problems for each
of these?
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VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Benefits Cheap to Produce Costs Short
Range Requires Making Yourself
Obvious Examples Extensive use in lizards
(Work by Diana Hews) Open mouth displays of
Tuatara Courtship displays of newts (Includes
Chemical) Frogs change colors and flash patches
at each other Parts of crocodile displays
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TACTILE COMMUNICATION
Benefits Cheap to Produce Relatively Safe
(If You Pay Attention) Costs Very Short
Range Can be Very Discrete Often Final
Portion of Courting Examples Courtship of
Snakes Courtship displays of salamanders
(Includes Chemical) Tail Straddling by
Salamanders
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CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION
Benefits Moderate Cost to Produce Costs
Short or Long Range May Make You Obvious to
Chemically Receptive Predators Examples
Extensive Use in Salamanders Extensive Use by
Snakes Use in Lizards Poorly Studied Some Use
by Frogs Little Known in Alligators Probably
Common Among Turtles
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AUDIO COMMUNICATION
Benefits Very Long Range Costs
Expensive to Produce Requires Making Yourself
Obvious To Predators Examples Frog Calls
Alligator Bellowing Hissing by Squamates