China Under Mao

1
China Under Mao

• The Cultural Revolution A revolution or
  destruction? 1966-76

2
The Origins

• The CCP changing concept of class struggle
• 1956, the 8th Congress of the CCP announced that
  the mass class struggle was over, and the focus
  of the Party thereon should be on the improvement
  of productivity
• Maos fiasco in managing the economy in the GLP
• The impact of the Peng Dehuai anti-Party Clique
  in 1959 from one-party to one-man dictatorship
• Maos paranoia and intolerance of difference with
  him
• The impact of the Sino-Soviet split prevention
  of revisionism at home
• Discovery of wide spread problems with the CCP
  cadres during the GLP corruption, abuse,
  oppression, cheating lying
• The Socialist Education movement 1962-66
• Liu shaoqis small disagreement with Mao in 1964
  over the definition of the problem
• Maos emphasis on class struggle within the
  Party, Chinas Khrushchev

3
The First Stage 1966-69

• The Red Guards Movement
• The perception of Mao being harmed
• The wide-spread witch hunting old class enemies,
  new capitalist roaders, people of the four
  olds culture, ideology, habits, tradition,
• Mobilizing the students to attack the oppressive
  school system teachers too much homework
  useless knowledge
• da chuanlian Great Networking to spread the
  Red Guards movement free travel to Beijing,
  Maos nine audience with the students, students
  going to the factories and rural areas to stir up
  revolution

4

• The Mao personality cult
• The Mao Quotation as the Bible
• The Loyalty Dance and chanting as daily ritual
• The witch hunting against those suspects of
  non-believers
• The January Storm of power transition
• 1968, Shanghai Revolutionary Committee taking
  over the power from the old party establishments,
  the nation followed
• The power struggle among difference rebel
  groups, leading to the civil war like situation
  in many places
• Students rebels sent to countryside or factories
  to be re-educated

5
The Lin Biao Affair

• The roll of the PLA in Chinas politics
• As heroes liberating the people
• A part of the regimes establishment the Party,
  the government, the Army
• Politically active after Lin replaced Peng in the
  early 1960s promoting the Mao cult
• Maos use of the PLA as an instrument for control
  to end the Red Guards chaos
• The Army representatives in every level of
  Revolutionary Committees
• The Mao-Lin controversy on the issue of the state
  Chairmanship Lin wanted to reestablish it, Mao
  wanted to abolish it altogether
• The alleged coup against Mao unsubstantiated
• The impact of the Lin Biao Affair

6
Foreign Relations

• The Red Guards attack on foreign embassies
  Chinas further self-isolation
• Sino-Soviet tension mounted
• Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1969
  socialist-imperialism became the No. 1 threat to
  Maos China
• Chinas hostile claim of historical territories
  lost to Russia
• Border skirmish evolved into war
• Moscows intention of preemptive strike against
  Chinas nuclear bases Washingtons rejection
• Maos move to normalize Sino-American relations
• Nixons visit to Beijing in 1971

7
Maos Final Drifting 1972-76

• Maos intention to resume normalcy economic
  development bringing Deng Xiaoping back to
  assist Zhou Enlai
• His inability to give up continuous revolution,
  which he did best,
• The campaign of criticize Lin, Confucius, and
  Song Jiang, a fictional rebel leader, who at the
  end accepted the emperors pardon
• The campaign of criticize Lin, Confucius, and
  Zhou Gong (Duke of Zhou), Confucius hero
  implying Zhou Enlai
• Maos use of the Gong of Four, the leftist
  ideologues, in the attacks against the old guards
  under Zhou
• Zhous death early in 1976
• The spontaneous mass gathering on the Tiananmen
  Sq. to morn Zhous death bloody suppression
  followed Dengs downfall
• Maos death in the summer of 1976