Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan

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Substance Abuse Prevention Across the Lifespan
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Lets Get Acquainted
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Prevention

• What is your definition of prevention?

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Prevention

• The role of prevention is to create healthy
  communities in which people have a quality of
  life

• Healthy environments at work and in school
• Supportive communities and neighborhoods
• Connections with families and friends
• Drug and crime-free

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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Prevention Definition

• Prevention is a proactive process that empowers
  individuals and systems to meet the challenges of
  life events and transitions by creating and
  reinforcing conditions that promote healthy
  behaviors and lifestyles

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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Prevention Definition (cont.)

• The goal of substance abuse prevention is the
  fostering of a climate in which (a) alcohol use
  is acceptable only for those of legal age and
  only when the risk of adverse consequences is
  minimal (b) prescription and over-the-counter
  drugs are used only for the purposes for which
  they were intended (c) other abusable
  substances, e.g. aerosols, are used only for
  their intended purposes and (d) illegal drugs
  and tobacco are not used at all

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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SAMHSAs SPF
Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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SAMHSAs Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)

• The Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF) outlines
  a five-step planning process designed to draw
  resources from multiple sources to create a
  community-based approach to substance abuse
  prevention that cuts across existing programs and
  systems.

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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SAMHSAs Strategic Prevention Framework (SPF)
Assessment Profile population needs, resources,
and readiness to address needs and gaps
Capacity Mobilize and/or build capacity to
address needs
Planning Develop a Comprehensive Strategic Plan
Implementation Implement evidence-based
prevention programs and activities
Evaluation Monitor, evaluate, sustain, and
improve or replace those that fail
Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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Key Principles of the SPF

1. Adheres to a public health model
2. Utilizes data-driven decision making
3. Emphasizes outcomes-based prevention

Source SAMHSA/CSAP
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(No Transcript)
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Public Health Focus for Strategic Planning in
Prevention

• A public health approach focuses on change for
  entire populations and/or communities the goal
  is sustainable community level change
• Population-based public health focuses efforts
  across the lifespan

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Why Be Concerned About Health Across the Lifespan?

• We need to understand the influence of social
  health determinants as predictors of population
  and individual health
• Social determinants of health will influence
  health from early life

Contributed by Tania Garcia, CSAPs Northeast
CAPT March 06
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It is commonly accepted that individuals are at
highest risk for substance use abuse at
transition points in their life and at key
stages across the lifespan cycle
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The Lifespan Cycle
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Brain Developmentand theImpact of ATODon the
Brain
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The Human Brain
Cortex
Limbic System
Brain Stem
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Introducing the Human Brain

• The brain stem controls basic functions
  critical to life
• The limbic system contains the brains reward
  system in addition, it is responsible for our
  perception of other emotions, both positive and
  negative
• The cerebral cortex divided into areas that
  control specific functions

Source Drugs, Brains and Behavior The Science
of Addiction, NIDA
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Construction Ahead
judgment
emotion
motivation
physical coordination sensory processing
Pruning occurs in stages, from back of the brain
to the front
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Brain Development

• Adolescence is a period of profound brain
  maturation
• We thought brain development was complete by
  adolescence
• We now know maturation is not complete until
  about age 24-25!!!

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Age 24-25
emotion
motivation
physical coordination sensory processing
judgment
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Risk Factors
Biology/Genes
Environment

• Chaotic home
• Parents use attitudes
• Peer influence
• Community Attitudes
• Poor school achievement

• Genetics
• Gender
• Mental Disorders

DRUG
Brain Mechanisms

• Early use
• Availability
• Cost
• Route of administration
• Effect of drug itself

Addiction
Source Drugs, Brains and Behavior The Science
of Addiction, NIDA
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Alcohol and the Adolescent Brain

• Stimulates release of dopamine and interferes
  with bodys own release of dopamine
• Adolescents are LESS sensitive to the negative
  effects of acute alcohol intoxication
• Adolescents can drink significantly more than
  adults before they experience the sedative
  effects of alcohol.
• Impairs memory and learning at lower doses than
  adults who consume equal amounts

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Tobacco and the Adolescent Brain

• Nicotine increases production of dopamine, so
  smokers feel good
• Adolescents more likely to get addicted than
  adults, and get addicted quicker
• If someone reaches 18 without using, odds are 1
  to 5 of never using
• Tobacco Settlement acknowledged that companies
  targeted adolescents Hook them early or risk
  losing lifelong customer
• Need 3000 new smokers every day to replace the
  ones who die or quit

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What Are We Preventing?

• Use
• Misuse
• Abuse
• Addiction

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Institute of Medicine Continuum of Care
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Prevention Classification

• The Institute of Medicine (IOM-1994) classified
  prevention interventions into three categories
• Universal preventive interventions
• Selective preventive interventions
• Indicated prevention interventions

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Types of Prevention Interventions
Universal Activities designed to reach the
entire population, without regard to individual
risk factors and intended to reach a large
audience.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Types of Prevention Interventions
Selective Strategies designed to target
subgroups of the general population that are
determined to be at risk for substance abuse.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Types of Prevention Interventions
Indicated Designed to identify individuals who
are experiencing early signs of substance abuse
and other related problem behaviors and target
them with special programs. The individuals have
not reached the point where clinical diagnosis of
substance abuse can be made.
Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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ActivityUniversal, Selective or Indicated???
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The Six CSAP Prevention Strategies

• Information dissemination
• Prevention education skills training
• Alternative activities
• Community-based process
• Environmental/social policy
• Problem identification and referral

Source National CAPT Substance Abuse Prevention
Specialist Training Manual, June 2006
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Information Dissemination

• Providing info about nature extent of drug use,
  abuse, addiction and the effects on individuals,
  families communities
• Providing info on available prevention programs
  services
• Characterized by one-way communication

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Prevention Education Skills Training

• Involves two way communication and is based on
  interaction between the educator and the
  participants
• Activities aim to affect critical life social
  skills

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Alternative Activities

• Goal is to have target populations participate
  in activities that are ATOD free
• Assumption is that constructive healthy
  activities offset the attraction to drugs, or
  otherwise meet the needs usually filled by drugs
  then the target population would avoid using
  drugs

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Community-Based Process

• Aims to enhance the ability of the community to
  provide more effective prevention through
  interagency collaboration, coalition building
  networking

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Environmental Approaches

• Seeks to establish or change community
  standards, codes, attitudes thereby influencing
  the incidence and prevalence of substance abuse
  in the general population

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Problem Identification Referral

• Aims to identify those who have indulged in the
  illegal use of drugs in order to determine
  whether their behavior can be reversed through
  education or whether they need a referral for a
  chemical dependency assessment

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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The Six CSAP Prevention Strategies

• Research has shown that the most effective
  prevention programs present a comprehensive
  approach that includes all or many of the CSAP
  strategies

Source Substance Abuse Prevention The
Intersection of Science and Practice, Julie
Hogan, 2003
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Prevention Across the Lifespan

• Group Activity
• Divide participants into four lifespan
  workgroups pre-natal, young adult, adult and
  elderly
• Groups will brainstorm and record appropriate
  prevention strategies for their assigned age
  population.
• Share with larger group.

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Prevention Across the Lifespan Strategies at
Various Stages of Life
Prenatal Young Adult Adult Elderly

NOTE Early Childhood/School Age and Adolescent
are the age populations traditionally served by
prevention programs, therefore our activity will
focus on the traditionally under-served
populations
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Prevention Across the Lifespan
QUESTIONS ???
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Rainbow Days, Inc.Training Serviceswww.rdikids.o
rg1.214.887.0726

• Janet Mitchell
• janetm_at_rdikids.org