HISTORY NOTES

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HISTORY NOTES AMERICAN COLONIZATION
CHAPTERS 3-6
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Main European countries that colonized in the New
World (Western Hemisphere) North America
A. Spain B. France C. England
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The Impact Today On American Colonization
The colonies influenced values and beliefs many
Americans cherish today.
For example ?

• Many people still come to the Americas in search
  of economic opportunity and religious freedom. ?

• Representative government remains an important
  part of the American political system.

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England in America

• The English defeat of the Spanish Armada ended
  Spanish control of the seas. ?

• England and other European nations could begin
  colonies in North America because it was now safe
  to sail the waters. ?

• In 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland
  for Queen Elizabeth.

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In 1607, Jamestown, Virginia, became the first
successful English colony in the New World.
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Jamestown Settlement

• In April 1607, settlers sent by the Virginia
  Company in London entered Chesapeake Bay and
  founded Jamestown. ?

• They faced many hardships. ?
• For example, they found no gold nor did they
  establish the fish or fur trading expected of
  them by the Virginia Company investors. ?
• The number of colonists dwindled.

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Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

• Captain John Smith arrived in 1608 to govern the
  colonists. ?

• The Virginia Company installed yet another leader
  to govern them after Smith. ?
• A harsh winter and more trouble continued to
  plague the colonists.

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Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

• When the colonists discovered how to grow
  tobacco, the colony began to prosper. ?

• Relations with the Native Americans living nearby
  also improved when one of the colonists, John
  Rolfe, married Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief
  Powhatan.

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Pocahontas
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Jamestown Settlement (cont.)

• The Virginia Company allowed a representative
  government in which ten towns in the colony each
  sent two representatives, or burgesses, to an
  assembly. ?

• The assembly made local laws. ?
• The House of Burgesses met for the first time on
  July 30, 1619. ?

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In 1620, Plymouth, Massachusetts, became the
second successful English colony in the New
World.
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• There were two groups of Protestants in England.
  ?

• Those who wanted to leave and set up their own
  church were Pilgrims (Separatists). ?

• Those who wanted to reform the Anglican Church
  were Puritans.

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Religious Freedom (cont.)

• The Mayflower carried Pilgrims to settle the
  Virginia colony. ?

• They landed north, however, at Plymouth,
  Massachusetts, due to the oncoming winter. ?
• Plymouth was not part of the Virginia Company
  territory and its laws did not apply. ?

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Religious Freedom (cont.)

• So the Pilgrims drew up the Mayflower Compact to
  provide laws to live by. ?
• It was the beginning of a representative
  government in America.

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Religious Freedom (cont.)

• The Pilgrims received help from the Native
  Americans in learning to plant crops and in
  hunting and fishing. ?

• Without them the Pilgrims may not have survived.

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There were 13 English colonies established in the
United States (1607-1755).
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Reasons why people came to live in the English
colonies
A. To earn a better living (many homeless and
jobless). B. To own land C. A desire for
religious freedom D. A greater chance for
self-government (to have more say in their
government).
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After years of struggling to survive, the English
colonies grew and prospered. In time, the
English settlers developed self-reliance.
(confidence in their own abilities)
Self-reliance is the key reason why the English
colonies were successful.
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Throughout the 1600's and 1700's, England and
France were rivals. They engaged in a series of
struggles over dominance in Europe and North
America.
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The last of these major wars was called the
French and Indian War (known as Seven Year's War
in Europe).
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The French and Indian War (1754-1763) was fought
over control of the Ohio River region and
dominance in Europe.
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England won the French and Indian war.
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In the Treaty of Paris of 1763, the French gave
up the eastern half of North America to England -
all the land east of the Mississippi River except
New Orleans.
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After the French and Indian War, England's
attitude towards the 13 colonies changed.
England began to exert more control over the
colonies such as prohibiting settlements west of
the Appalachian Mountains and taxation without
representation.
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The colonists saw the strict enforcement of
England's political and economic policies as
threat to their own rights and freedoms.
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On July 4, 1776, the 13 American colonies
formally declared their independence from
England. 
The American Colonies declared their independence
by issuing the Declaration of Independence.
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See pages 154-157
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In the Declaration of Independence, the colonists
stated the following
A. They were declaring their independence. B.
They stated why they were declaring their
independence.
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The Impact Today
In fighting for the principles set forth in the
Declaration of Independence, the American
Patriots laid the foundation for the United
States of America we know today.
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When England refused to recognize colonial
independence, war officially began.
This war became known as the American
Revolutionary War (or the War of Independence),
1776-1783. (1775)
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The Impact Today
Americans continue to value independence. For
example ?

• The right to practice ones own religion freely
  is safeguarded. ?
• Americans value the right to express themselves
  freely and to make their own laws.

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The Impact Today cont.
The ideals of revolutionary America still play a
major role in shaping the society we live in. For
example ?

• Americans still exercise their right to protest
  laws they view as unfair. ?
• Citizens have the right to present their views
  freely.

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George Washington was the American military
commander during American Revolutionary War.
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ROAD TO INDEPENDENCE
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 France supported the Americans during the War of
Independence.
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The Treaty of Paris of 1783 officially ended the
War of Independence in favor of the American
colonist.
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Major provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1783
A. England recognized American independence. B.
The treaty set the American boundaries with the
Great Lakes on the north, the Mississippi River
on the west, and Florida on the south.
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The Thirteen Original States

• A. Delaware
• B. Pennsylvania
• C New Jersey
• D. Georgia
• E Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• G. Maryland

H. South Carolina I. New Hampshire J.
Virginia K. New York L. North Carolina M.
Rhode Island
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AMERICAN COLONIZATION THE END