La experiencia colonial de Espaa

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La experiencia colonial de España
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Navigation

• Early Modern Expansion and the Politicization of
  Oceanic Space
• Ceremonies of Possession in Europes Conquest of
  the New World
• Patterns in Early Spanish Overseas Expansion

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What enticed Europe to go to sea?

• Western Europes drive towards the sea.
• The lack of land available for huge land empires.
• The control of the sea and the overseas land
  bases placed in strategic locations provided the
  control of trade to the worlds markets.

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From whom did Spain plunder their technology?

• Navigational technology
• The Portuguese (Nao, compass, astrolabe)
• The Genoese (Mariners ?)
• The Venetian (Idea/Quest for the East?)

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How did Spain react to the people they
encountered?

• According to John Kicza, Spain initially was only
  interested in economic gain, but went to a
  full-settlement approach.
• Started this hypothesis from their experience in
  the Canary Islands.

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Spanish Colonization and the Groups they
Encountered

• Resilient Cultures Americas Native Peoples
  Confront European Colonization

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What three groups awaited Spain in the New World?

• Sedentary- Aztec, Mayan, and Incan
• Semi-Sedentary- Eastern North America, Northern
  Mexico, and Central America
• Nomadic- Central and Western North America,
  Chile, the Parana River Basin, etc.

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Did the Spanish react differently according to
the organizational type they encountered?

• The sedentary societies fell victim to Spanish
  medievalism, because they (the sedentary peoples)
  were more accustomed to paying tribute than the
  semi-sedentary societies and nomadic people who
  would never conform to Feudalism.

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Bernal Diaz del Castillo
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What was Diazs purpose in writing his account of
the conquest?

• Cortez, in his letters, never mentions the
  soldiers nor does he mention Malinche.
• Francisco Lopez de Gomara because accused of
  exaggeration, misrepresentation, and undo
  adulation of Cortes. (44)
• Gonzalo de Illescas who spoke the truth neither
  in the beginning, nor the middle, nor the end
  (7)

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What theory did Diaz use to justify the conquest
of New Spain?

• According to Rolena Adornos article, The
  Discursive Encounter of Spain and America The
  Authority of Eyewitness Testimony in the Writing
  of History, intervention by a Christian prince
  was justified in order to protect the innocent
  from human sacrifice, to stop such practices, to
  force the native peoples to abandon their
  religions, and to Christianize them.(217)

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How did Diaz prove the Holiness of the war?

• According to Adorno, Bernal Diaz concluded this
  account with three more incidents designed to
  reveal the providential plan or at least the
  many gifts that our Lord God bestowed on
  us.(216)

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Impact of Disease in the Spanish New World
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Was disease Spains greatest ally?

• Revisionist Historian, Francis J. Brooks, says
  disease didnt have as much an impact as most
  accounts, Diaz, Cortez, etc., write.
• In response, Robert McCaa in his article, Spanish
  and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic
  Catastrophe in Mexico, says, Brooks
  misinterpreted, overlooked, had flawed reasoning,
  and false analogies.(398)
• In Crosbys article, Conquistador y Pestilencia
  The First New World Pandemic and the Fall of
  the Great Indian Empires, he concurs with McCaa
  that Old World diseases allowed for an easier
  conquest for Spain and decimated the great native
  empires more so than the Spanish steel.

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Religion
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What was the state of the Catholic religion in
Spain at the time of the conquest?

• Castilian religion in XIV century varied
• No obligation to go to church on Sunday till
  council of Trent 1545-63.
• Religious devotion centered on the Virgin and
  local saints, usually the patron of a village.
• Christ was more distant.

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What were some problems missionaries faced in
bringing Catholicism to the New World?

large number of idolaters in contrast to small
number of missionaries difficulty in
translating concepts of Christian dogma into
native languages especially with missionaries
scant knowledge of the language early period
is when largest number of baptisms
reportedcontrast between doctrine preached by
missionaries and the actions of the conquistadors
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What methods did Spanish missionaries employ to
convert the indigenous peoples?

• Used force (physical and psychological) to
  convert
• jails and stocks or blows with a stick
• compelle intrare Luke 1415-24 compel them to
  come in.
• Religious conversion always came with military
  conquest, impossible to separate the two.

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How did religious life develop under the
influence of both native religion and Catholicism?

• Syncretism was not officially approved but
  priests would sometimes agree to settle for
  peace.
• The Native custom was to add new gods of the new
  people to pantheon
• So they did not give up their gods
• Kept secret worship of their original gods

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DOlwer makes an interesting point that when
Latin America won independence from Spain they
retained the Catholic religion.
This home is CatholicWe do not accept
Protestant propaganda or other cults.Long Live
Christ the King!Long Live the Virgin of
Guadalupe, Mother of God!