INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

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INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS

• DR. A LEM, FISHERY INDUSTRY OFFICER, FAO
• AQUASUR
• PUERTO MONTT 18 MARCH -19 MARCH 2002

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OUTLINE

• SOME WORDS ON FAO
• ATLAS
• GLOBEFISH/INFONETWORK
• INTL. TRADE
• ISSUES THAT AFFECT TRADE
• WTO - FROM URUGUAY TO DOHA
• CONCLUSIONS

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FAO

• ALL ISSUES RELATED TO FISHERIES
• TRADE FISH UTILIZATION AND MARKETING SERVICE
• COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON FISH TRADE
• (COFI-SUBCOMMITTEE ON AQUACULTURE)
• INFONETWORK (GLOBEFISH, INFOPESCA, INFOFISH,
  INFOPECHE, INFOSAMAK, EASTFISH/EUROFISH, INFOYU)

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GLOBEFISH

• PARTNERS
• FUNDACIÓN CHILE, NORWEGIAN SEAFOOD EXPORT
  COUNCIL, NMFS,
• EU, FROM, OFREMER, IREPA, DENMARK, MOROCCO
• ASSOCIATE PARTNERS ACADEMIA AND INDUSTRY

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GLOBAL FISH EXPORTS (2000) 53 BILLION (est)

• DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 49 OF EXPORTS
• NET EXPORT REVENUES FROM FISHERIES MOST IMPORTANT
  AFTER TIMBER EXPORTS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

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AQUACULTURE EXPORTS

• PROBLEM OF ANALYSIS
• TRADE STATISTICS DO NOT GIVE ORIGIN ( CAPTURE
  OR AQUACULTURE)
• ONLY FOR SOME SPECIES IS ORIGIN EVIDENT ( TROUT,
  ATLANTIC SALMON, CARP, TILAPIA )
• TRADE A MIX OF FARMED AND CAPTURE PRODUCT
  (SHRIMP, PACIFIC SALMON)

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MAJOR FARMED SPECIES FOR EXPORT

• SHRIMP
• SALMON
• MOLLUSCS
• CARP 1 IN PRODUCTION BUT LIMITED TRADE

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FASTGROWERS

• FARMED SALMON EXPORTS 700,000 MT,
• FARMED TROUT EXPORTS 125,000 MT
• FARMED TILAPIA EXPORTS CA 70,000 MT
• FARMED SEABASS AND SEABREAM EXPORTS CA 100,000 MT

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AMERICAN CATFISH

• 5 IN US FISH CONSUMPTION
• EXPORTS ARE GROWING (Vietnam to US)
• AMERICAN CATFISH INSTITUTE - marketing and
  campaigns

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SEAWEED

• LIMITED TRADE
• FOOD AND NON-FOOD
• EXAMPLE EU-IMPORTS 61,000 MT (2000) FRESHDRIED

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MOLLUSC TRADE (1999)

• SCALLOP IMPORTS 75,000 MT
• CLAM IMPORTS 160,000 MT
• MUSSEL IMPORTS 210,000 MT
• OYSTER IMPORTS 40,000 MT

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LIVE SEAFOOD

• GROWING DEMAND
• MAINLY ETHNIC MARKETS
• HIGH PRICES
• ASIAN ETHNIC MARKETS IN EUROPE AND US
• ( ORNAMENTAL MARKET)

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NON-FOOD OR ORNAMENTAL

• MOSTLY FRESHWATER AQUACULTURE
• MARINE AQUACULTURE GROWING
• ASIA TO EU, US AND JAPAN
• VERY DEPENDENT ON ECONOMIC CLIMATE
• IMPORTS 1999 US 250 MILLION
• RETAIL US 3 BILLION

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FUTURE TRADE ISSUES

• QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY
• WTO TRADE AND TARIFFS (SUBSIDIES)
• DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT
• DEMAND TRENDS
• FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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QUALITY AND FOOD SAFETY

• CODEX STANDARDS FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS
• HACCP AND RISK ASSESSMENT
• ISO 9000 STANDARDS
• LABELLING-CERTIFICATION
• TRACEABILITY AND PRODUCTION METHOD (CONSUMER
  INFORMATION)
• NEW EU LABELING RULES 2002
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

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QALITY AND FOOD SAFETY II

• ETHICAL
• VALUES
• TRUST RECENT SURVEY SUPERMARKETS 1
• GMOS
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• TRANSPARENCY

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TRADE AND TARIFFS

• !!! FISH IS AN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT !!!
• TARIFF REDUCTIONS OVER TIME
• NTBs (NON-TARIFF TRADE BARRIERS)
• TARIFF ESCALATION FOR PROCESSED PRODUCTS
• URUGUAY ROUND TRADE NEGOTIATIONS
• WTO NEW ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS DOHA

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URUGUAY ROUND AGREEMENTS

• SPS (SANITARY AND PHYTOSANITARY MEASURES)
• TBT (TECHINICAL BARRIERS TO TRADE)
• SUBSIDIES AND COUNTERVAILING MEASURES
• DISPUTE SETTLEMENT (SHRIMP, SALMON, TUNA)

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DOHA ROUND

• 2001 DOHA, WTO MINISTERIAL DECLARATION
• TRADE LIBERALISATION
• FISHERIES SUBSIDIES
• ECOLABELING

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GLOBALISATION

• INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP (WTO, CODEX, REGIONAL
  COMMISSIONS)
• CHINA IN WTO
• COUNTRY MEMBERSHIP IN TRADE AREAS (ASEAN, EU,
  NAFTA, MERCOSUR)
• CONVERGENCE
• GLOBAL SOURCING-THIRD COUNTRY PROCESSING
• GLOBAL TRENDS IN DEMAND

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DISTRIBUTION

• CONCENTRATION OF DEMAND
• INCREASING POWER OF SUPERMARKETS AND HYPERMARKETS
• GREAT POTENTIAL FOR AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS IN
  MODERN DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
• PLANNED PRODUCTION AND DELIVERY
• STANDARD QUALITY
• CONTRACT PRICES

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DEMAND TRENDS

• FAO PROJECTIONS 2010/2030/2050
• 2050 270 MILLION TONS
• SUPPLY GAP
• MORE FRESH FISH
• MORE LIVE FISH
• MORE VALUE-ADDED
• ORGANIC PRODUCTS

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FOOD SECURITY

• AQUACULTURE IMPORTANT FOR DOMESTIC CONSUMPTION
• AQUACULTURE EXPORTS CREATE FOREIGN CURRENCY
  REVENUES
• FISH TRADE-FOOD SECURITY

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CONCLUSIONS

• TRADE IN AQUACULTURE PRODUCTS GROWING, IN
  ABSOLUTE/ RELATIVE TERMS
• FUTURE RISE IN DEMAND MUST BE MET BY AQUACULTURE
  SUPPLIES
• BETTER STATISTICS NEEDED
• AQUACULTURE TRADE INFLUENCED BY INTL. AGREEMENTS/
  WTO

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MUCHAS GRACIAS -THANK YOU !