Chapter 8: More Complex Animals

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Chapter 8 More Complex Animals

• (Clockwise starting in upper R) Urochordate,
  tunicate Giant Moray eel, bony fish, Amphibian,
  green poison dart frog Reptile, tuatara Bird,
  double wattled cassowary Snake, eyelash viper

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8.1 Complex invertebrates

• Jointed-leg animals Phylum Arthropoda
• Jointed appendages allows for quick movement
  (ie) wings, legs, antennae
• Exoskeleton-framework outside the body
• protects from drying out, injury place for
  muscles to attach
• Bilateral symmetry
• Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen)
• Right cicada
• Molting

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8.1 cont. Right molted exoskeleton of millipede

• Molting. Shedding the exoskeleton
• Allows organism to grow
• Bottom left translucent exoskeleton of preying
  mantis
• Bottom right Crabs molt 27 times in their
  lifetime once they have molted, it takes 3
  days for new shell to harden, leaving them
  extremely vulnerable

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8.1 class crustacea

• Crayfish, shrimp, lobsters, crabs, waters fleas
  and pill bugs
• Mouthpart (mandible) that chew, cut food
  Antennae (2 pair) for sensing and touching
  Compound eye (many lenses) for peripheral vision
• Above the head and thorax are
  fused to create cephalothorax

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Clockwise, starting top R shrimp, pill bug,
lobster, crab, daphnia (water flea)

• Usually have a 5 pairs of walking legs One of
  those pairs is usually claw-like for grabbing and
  holding (Cheliped)

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Class Arachnids (spiders, scorpions, ticks,
harvestmen)

• Two body sections (cephalothorax-abdomen)
• 4 pairs walking legs
• Simple eyes N0 antennae
• Below left Giant emperor scorpion
  Bottom right Goliath Bird eating spider

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Arachnids cont.

• Bottom left Orb-weaver spider
• Bottom right tarantula, showing fangs (red
  arrow- chelicerae) and copulatory organs on
  pedipalps (purple arrow)

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Class chilopoda

• Centipedes. (centi 100)
• Usually have no more than 30 legs
• Pair of legs on each segment appendages on first
  segment are poisonous help capture food (insects)

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Class diplopoda

• Millipedes. Two pairs of legs on each segment
  slow moving
• milli 1000 (but they dont have a thousand
  legs)
• Do NOT have poisonous claws usually eat decaying
  plants

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Class insecta

• More insects on this planet than all other
  animals combined
• Head-thorax-abdomen
• 2 compound eyes and 3 simple eyes

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Insecta cont.

• Several mouthparts (specialized for sucking,
  biting etc.)
• One pair of antennae
• Two pairs of wings

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Insecta cont.

• Sexual reproduction.
• Fertilized eggs usually deposited on leaves
• or branches of plants
• Some destroy (termites, moths)
• houseflies carry bacteria
• Bees produce honey pollinate flowers

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8.1 phylum Echinoderms

• Spiny-skinned animals. (Sea Urchin, Starfish,
  Sand dollar)
• Sexual reproduction (egg and sperm) Asexual
  reproduction (regeneration)
• Five part body plan Spiny skin
• Radial symmetry Invertebrate
• Class Ophuroidea (Brittle Stars)

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Class Echinoidea (Sand dollars, Sea Cucumbers,
Sea Urchins)

• Below L tube feet of sea urchin
• Below R Showing 5 part symmetry

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Class Asteroidea (sea star)

• Tube feet. Allow echinoderms to move via
• water movement in and out of canals, creating
• suction for tube feet (see below)
• Regeneration has enabled
  starfish to grow eleven arms

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Class Crinoidea (Feather Stars)

• Top R Feather Star, half open, holding onto
• sponge with cirri (appendages)
• Bottom L Feather star rolled up during day
• Bottom R Noctural, open feather star