Density and States of Matter Review

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Density and States of Matter Review
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Mass and Volume

• Mass
• A measure of the AMOUNT OF MATTER
• The basic unit of mass is a GRAM
• We will measure mass with a TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
  or ELECTRONIC BALANCE
• Volume
• This is the AMOUNT OF SPACE matter occupies
• The basic unit of Volume is a LITER
• We measure volume with a GRADUATED CYLINDER

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Density

• Mass per unit of volume.
• The amount of matter in a given space
• Every type of matter has a certain density.
  Because of this, density can be used to identify
  types of matter.
• Density is an Intensive Property
• It is not dependent on the amount of matter you
  have
• Which has higher density? The block with red
  matter or the block with blue?

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Density cont

• Density is a proportion!
• It is a proportion of the amount of mass compared
  to the amount of volume.
• Mass divided by volume
• D m / v
• The m represents the mass of an object and the v
  represents the volume of the object.
• You can express the units as
• g/ml
• g/cm3
• cm3 and ml are the same thing

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Density cont

• If I have a mass of 20 grams of water, I have 20
  ml of water. What is its density?
• If I have 40 ml of water, I have a mass of 40
  grams. What is its density?
• What is the volume of 50 grams of water?
• So what is the density of water no matter what
  the amount?

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Density cont

• Density causes objects to float
• If something is less dense than something else it
  will rise above it.
• Density causes convection
• Convection is when something is heated it becomes
  less dense, and rises then it cools and becomes
  denser and sinks.
• Examples
• Wind
• The Lava Lamp

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Density Review

• 1.  A sample of seawater weighs 158 grams and has
  a volume of 156 ml. What is the density?    
• 2.  A cylindrical box with a volume of 200 ml
  holds 432 g of sodium chloride. Calculate the
  density of the salt.  
• 3.  What is the mass of ethyl alcohol that fills
  a 200 ml container?  The density of ethyl alcohol
  is 0.789 g/ml.  
• 4.  A flask that masses 345.8 g is filled with
  225 ml of carbon tetrachloride. The mass of the
  flask and carbon tetrachloride is found to be
  703.55 g. Calculate the density in g/ml.
• 5.  A block of lead has dimensions of 4.5 cm by
  5.2 cm by 6.0 cm. The block masses 1587 g. From
  this information, calculate the density.  
• 6.   28.5 g of iron shot is added to a graduated
  cylinder containing 45.5 ml of water. The water
  level rises to the 49.1 ml mark. Calculate the
  density.    
• Extra Credit 7.  A cylindrical tube of length
  27.75 cm and radius 2.00 cm is filled with argon
  gas. The empty tube weighs 188.25 g. The tube
  filled with argon weighs 188.87 g. Calculate the
  density.

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States of matter

• Phases of Matter
• The 4 phases of matter are solid, liquid, gas and
  plasma.
• Solid, liquid and gas are common phases on
  Earth.
• Plasma is rare on Earth, but is the most common
  in the Universe. Your book will not mention it?

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Solids

• Solids have a definite shape and a definite
  volume.
• The particles in a solid are in a rigid pattern
  and cannot move around each other.
• The particles vibrate within the rigid pattern.

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Liquids

• Liquids have a definite volume, but not a
  definite shape.
• The particles in a liquid are close to each other
  and move around each other slowly

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Gases

• Gases have no definite shape or definite volume.
• The particles in a gas are spread out and move
  quickly and bounce off of other particles and
  surfaces.

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Phase Changes

• Matter can change phases by adding or taking away
  heat energy.
• When a phase change occurs, the temperature will
  stay the same, even though heat energy is changed.

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Homework

• Read Pages 28-31, problems 5,6,8 on page 44