Chemistry Grade 9/10 Review

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Chemistry Grade 9/10 Review
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Outline

• What is Chemistry?
• So What?
• Classification of Matter
• Properties of Matter
• Elements
• Periods
• Chemical Families
• Metals Non-Metals
• Subatomic Particles

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What is Chemistry?

• Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties,
  changes and transformations.
• Matter - is anything that has a mass and takes
  up space.

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So What?

• Chemistry is part of our everyday lives.
• The products of chemical processes and reactions
  are involved in all aspects of our lives
• The clothes we wear
• The food we eat
• The places we live and work

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Classifying Matter

• Matter is classified as either pure substances or
  mixtures.

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Pure Substances

• Pure Substances - contain only one kind of
  particle.
• Elements - are pure substances that cannot be
  broken down into simpler substances. (eg. gold)
• Compounds - contain two or more elements in fixed
  proportions. (eg. water H20, carbon dioxide
  C02)

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Mixtures

• Mixtures - contain two or more pure substances.
• Solutions - have only one visible component. (eg.
  apple juice)
• Heterogeneous mixtures contain two or more
  visible components. (eg. balsamic salad dressing)

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Properties of Matter

• Physical Properties - are characteristics of a
  substance.
• Some physical properties of matter are
• State (solid, liquid, gas)
• Colour - Odour
• - Texture - Mass
• Volume - Melting Point
• Boiling Point

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Properties of Matter

• Chemical Properties - are characteristic
  behaviours of a substance.
• Some chemical properties of matter are
• Combustibility
• Reaction with acids
• Flammability

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Elements

• Elements are pure substances that cannot be
  broken down into a simpler substance.
• Eg. gold, nickel, hydrogen
• Elements are grouped on the Periodic Table
  according to physical and chemical properties.

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Periods

• Elements are grouped in horizontal rows called
  periods.
• All elements in a period have the same number of
  atomic orbits.

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Chemical Families

• Elements are grouped in vertical columns called
  chemical families or Groups.
• All elements in a group have the same number of
  electrons in their outer shell.

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Metals

• Characteristics of Metals

Location on Periodic Table Left hand side
Luster Shiny
Malleability Malleable
Conductivity Good conductors
State at room temp. Mostly solids
Reactivity Reactive
Tendency to lose or gain electrons Tend to lose electrons
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Non-Metals

• Characteristics of Non-Metals

Location on Periodic Table Right hand side
Luster Dull
Malleability Brittle (not malleable)
Conductivity Poor conductors
State at room temp. Liquid, gas or solid
Reactivity Reactive
Tendency to lose or gain electrons Tend to gain electrons
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What it Means
Melting Point (oC)
Atomic Number
Boiling Point (oC)
Symbol of Element
Density
Atomic Radius
Atomic Mass
Name of Element
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Subatomic Particles

• The nucleus is the dense positive core of an
  atom.
• Protons

Characteristic Proton
Location Nucleus of atom
Charge Positive
Symbol p
Relative Mass 1
Calculation of protons atomic number
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Subatomic Particles

• Neutron

Characteristic Neutron
Location Nucleus of atom
Charge Neutral
Symbol n
Relative Mass 1
Calculation of neutrons atomic mass - of protons
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Subatomic Particles

• Electrons

Characteristic Electrons
Location Circle nucleus at different energy levels
Charge Negative
Symbol e-
Relative Mass 0
Calculation of electrons of protons