Air Pollution FKF100 vt2009 Part 2

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Air Pollution FKF100 vt-2009Part 2

• Erik Swietlicki
• Professor
• Div. of Nuclear Physics, Physics Department
• Lund University Lund Institute of Technology
• Erik.Swietlicki_at_nuclear.lu.se

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Most important air pollutants from a health
perspective

• Particles, PM10 Standard since 2005
• Particles, PM2.5 New standard expected
• Ozone, O3 New standard 2010
• Nitrogen dioxide, NO2 Standard since 2006
• Benzene, C6H6 Standard (from 2010)
• Benzoapyrene, BaP New standard 2010
• PAH New standard 2010
• Heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Hg, As, Cr) 2010 (Pb
  2001)
• Voltile Organic Compounds, VOC Emission ceiling
  objective
• Carbon monoxide, CO Standard
• Sulphur dioxide, SO2 Standard

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Sweden Air Quality Standards in force 2009
1) To be exceeded not more than 175 times per
year (98 percentile, hour) 2) To be exceeded not
more than 7 times per year (98 percentile,
24-h) 3) Rolling 8 hour mean value 4) To be
exceeded not more than 35 times per year (90
percentile, 24-h) 5) AOT 40 (expressed as µg/m3
x h) calculated as the sum of differences of
hour-mean concentrations over 80 µg/m3 (40 ppb)
and 80 µg/m3 for values measured between
0820 mean European time every day during the
season 1 May to 31 July each year.
http//www.naturvardsverket.se/upload/english/04_l
egislation_and_other_policy_instruments/env_qualit
y_stand/Environmental_quality_standards.pdf
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EU
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Concentrations Air Quality Standards

• PM10 Big problem in many places - Unchanged
• Long distance transport (regional pollution)
• Locally generated wear particles from traffic
  (slitagepartiklar)
• Local wood combustion (residential)
• NO2 Exceedences in some locations decreasing(?)
• Local road traffic (exhaust)
• Benzene Probably no future problem(?) -
  decreasing
• Road traffic
• Local wood combustion (residential)
• Benzoapyrene Limited problem(?) - decreasing
• Road traffic (exhaust)
• Wood combustion (residential)
• Industry
• Ozone Potential worsening problem(?) background
  increasing
• NOx VOC sunshine (climate-related)

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Rådhuset, Malmö(urban background roof-top
measurements in down-town Malmö)
Håkan Rosberg
Susanna Gustafsson
Henric Nilsson
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Rådhuset Malmö(urban background roof-top
measurements in down-town Malmö)

• Gases NO, NO2, SO2, CO
• PM2.5, PM10

Malmö miljöförvaltning
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Montoring Trailer, Malmö Miljöförvaltning
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Dispersion of Air Pollutants in A Street Canyon
http//www.dmu.dk/International/Air/Models/OSPM/
Dispersion Model for Street Canyons (slutna
gaturum) Operational Street Pollution Model
(OSPM) Berkowicz, Ketzel et al. Danmarks
Miljøundersøgelser, Risø, Danmark
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Dispersion Modeling, Malmö Miljöförvaltning
Example Nitrogen dioxide NO2 Air Quality
Standard in force since 2006. (miljökvalitetsnorm)
This Standard is exceeded in many places in
Malmö. NO2 concentrations are modelled annual
averages (µg/m3) at street level.
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Dispersion Modeling, Sweden and European scales
(SMHI Norrköping)
http//www.smhi.se/sgn0106/if/meteorologi/match.ht
m
MATCH Sverige NO2
- EMEP-European emission data - MATCH-Europe
(44x44 km) - MATCH-Sweden (11x11 km) - Data
assimilation in MATCH-Sweden of Nordic air
quality and preciptation chemistry
measurements - SMED (emission data
Sweden 1x1 km)