s ds se

1
? ??????s? d?????s? s???e??? ?a? ? ?????? t??
d?e????t? s???e??? ?? ??d??a? ????a??t?? ??e????t
?? ??µ?t???? S???e??? ?p?s??pt?? ?a????t?? st?
CIIM 14 ?a?t??? 2009


.

2
? ??????s? d?????s? s???e??? ?a? ? ?????? t??
d?e????t? s???e???

• ???a? p??? e????? ?a e??a? ??p????
• apas????µ???? ?????ta? ????? d???e???
• Everard Morris (1990).

3
??µ? t?? pa???s?as??

• ???a e??a? ? s?µas?a t?? ?????? t?? d?e????t?
• ?? a???ß?? e????µe µe t?? ?????e? ??????s? ?a?
  d?????s? s???e???
• ????? e??a? ? ????? t?? d?e????t? st?? ??????s?
  ?a? d?????s? t?? s???e??? s?µf??a µe t? ??µ???
  p?a?s?? p?? ?p???e?
• ??s? ????? af?e???e? ? d?e????t?? sta d??f??a
  ?a?????ta p?? s?et????ta? µe t?? ??????s? ?a?
  d?????s? t?? s???e??? st? e??te????
• ??s? ????? af?e???e? ? d?e????t?? sta d??f??a
  ?a?????ta p?? s?et????ta? µe t?? ??????s? ?a?
  d?????s? t?? s???e??? st?? ??p??
• S?µpe??sµata
• ??s???se??

4
1. ? s?µas?a t?? ?????? t?? d?e????t? s???e???

• ? ????????st??? ?ata??µ? t?? ?????? e??as?a? t??
  d?e????t?, a????e? t?s? t?? ap?d?t???t?t? ?s? ?a?
  t?? ap?te?esµat???t?t? t?? (Persel Cookson,
  1982).
• ??e??e? ????? de??e? ?t? ? ???e??? st? ????? t??
  d?e????t? ??a d??f??e? d?ast????t?te?
  a???????s?/ep?ß?e?? p??s?p????, epa??e?µat???
  a??pt???, p????aµµat?sµ?/d?a?e???s? d?at????t?t??
  t?? µa??t?? ap?te?e? pa?????ta
  a?ap?te?esµat???t?ta? t?? d?e????t? ?? ???t?
  (Smith Holdaway, 1995).
• ??a ap? ta ßas??? ?a?a?t???st??? ?????sµata t??
  ap?te?esµat???? d?e????t?? st?? ??p?? e??a? ?
  t??p?? µe t?? ?p??? ?ata??µ??? t? ????? t??? ??a
  t? d?e?pe?a??s? t?? d??f???? ?a?????t?? t???
  (Pashardis, 1998).

5
2.1. ?? ?????e? ??????s? ??????s? - ??es?a
??es?a (Leadership)
??a?e???s?/??????s? (Administration)
?????s? (Management)
6
2.2. ?? ?????e? ??????s? d?????s? - ??es?a
??es?a
??????s?
??a?e???s?- ??????s?
7
2.3. ?? ?????e? ??????s? ??????s? - ??es?a
8
2.4. ?? ?????e? ??????s? ??????s? - ??es?a
9
3.1. ? ????? t?? d?e????t? st?? ??????s?
d?????s? s???e???
?? ???? t?? d?e????t? st?? ??????s? ?a? d?????s?
s???e??? ?a?a?t????eta? ap? t? µe???? a???µ? ?a?
t?? p???µ??f?a t?? ?a?????t?? p?? a?a?aµß??e?,
?e????? p?? ap????e? ap? t? ?a?a?t??a t??
??p??a??? e?pa?de?t???? s?st?µat??.

• ?? ??µ??? p?a?s?? ??a t??? d?e????t?? t??
  d?µ?s??? s???e??? st?? ??p??
• ?a s??d?? ?p??es?a? ??a t? d?e????t? d?µ?t????
  s???e??? a?af??eta? se 4 ßas??? ?a?????ta, ta
  ?p??a a?a????ta? se de??de? ep?µ????? ?a?????ta
  s?µf??a µe t??? ?a????sµ??? ?e?t?????a? t??
  S???e???.
• ?? s??d?? ?p??es?a? ??a t? d?e????t? s???e???
  µ?s?? e?pa?de?s?? a?af??eta? se 5 ßas???
  ?a?????ta p?? a?a????ta? se de??de? ep?µ?????
  ?a?????ta s?µf??a µe t??? ?a????sµ??? ?e?t?????a?
  t?? S???e???.

10
3.2. ? ????? t?? d?e????t? st?? ??????s?
d?????s? s???e??? ?? ??µ??? p?a?s??
??????s? ?a? F??a?? ???e???
?fa?µ??? ??pa?de?t???? ????t???? ?a? ?a????sµ??
??????s? ?et?????a ??????s? S???e???
????T????S S???????
??da?t??? ?a?????ta
?fa?µ??? ?e?t??s? t?? ??pa?de?t???? ??????µµat??

?a??d???s? ???pt??? ?a? ????????s? ??pa?de?t????
?a??d???s? ?a? ???µe??a t?? ?a??t??
?a?a???????s? t?? ??ad?µa???? ????d?? t?? ?a??t??
11
4.1. ??e??e?? ??e??e?

? Mintzberg (1973), ? ?p???? ?e??e?ta? ??a ap?
t??? µe?a??te???? ?e???t????? ?a? e?e???t?? st?
???? t?? d?????s?? t?? ???a??sµ??, ?ta? ap? t???
p??t??? p?? e??tasa? t? ????? ?ata??µ?? t??
????? t?? d?e????t?? se d??f????? ???a??sµ???.

• ?as??? e???µata t?? ??e??a? t?? Mintzberg
• ?p???e? s?µa?t??? d?af??? µeta?? t?? t? ??e?a?
  ?t?
• ??a?a? ?? d?e????t?? ?a? t? ??a?a? st??
  p?a?µat???t?ta.
• ? e??as?a e??? d?e????t? ?a?a?t?????ta? ap? ???µ?
  
• (???t??a), pa?eµß????, e?f?ast??? ??t?t?ta ?a?
• ?atateµa??sµ? d?ast????t?t??.

12
4.2. ??e??e?? ??e??e?
?????? e?e???? p?? as???????a? ap???e?st??? µe t?
d?a?e???s? t?? ?????? t?? d?e????t??. ??
pe??ss?te?e? ??e??e? ep??e?t?????ta? St??
pe????af? t?? d?ast????t?t?? ?a? t??
s?µpe??f???? t?? d?e????t?? ?ata???f??ta? t??
t??p? p?? ?ata??µ??? t? ????? t???. S?ed?? ??e?
?? ??e??e? s?µf????? µe ta e???µata t??
Mintzberg.

• ??e??e?
• Martin Willower, 1981
• Kmetz Willower, 1982
• Clerkin, 1985
• Knight, 1990
• Caziel, 1995
• McEwen Salter, 1997
• Rosenblatt Somech, 1998
• Lyons, 1999
• Huczynski Buchanan, 2001

13
4.3. ??e??e?? ??e??e?

• ? Knight (1990) pa?at???se st?? ??e??? t?? ?t?
  ?? d?e????t?? ?e???? ??de???? p??? pe??ss?te??
  ????? st? d?????s? ?a? sta ?a??µe???? pe??stat???
  ?a? p??? ????te?? se ??µata st?at?????? d?????s??
  ?a? µa???p???esµ?? s?ed?asµ?? ?a? ??????s??, st??
  ?µad??? e??as?a ?a? a???????s?.

?? McEwen ?a? Salter (1997), d?ap?st?sa? ?t? ta
??µata ?a??µe????? ???t??a? µ?????t? ?e?????ta?
?aµ???? p??te?a??t?ta?, pa?????? t? µe?a??te??
µ???? t?? ?????? t?? d?e????t??.
?? Huczynski Buchanan (2001) d?ap?st?sa? ?t? ??
d?e????t?? p??t?µ??sa? ?a ep?????????? p??f?????
??de???ta? a??et? ????? se s??a?t?se?? ?a?
p??s?p???? epaf??.
14
4.4. ??e??e?? ??e??e?

• ?? Kmetz ?a? Willower (1982) µe?et??ta? t?
  s?µpe??f???
• d?e????t?? s???e??????t?ß??µ?a? ??pa?de?s??st??
• ???µ??e? ????te?e? e?t?p?sa?
• t?? e?d?????t? f??t? e??as?a?
• t?? ??tas?
• t?? p??????a
• t?? ?atateµa??sµ? ?a? t?? s????? d?a??p??.

• ?? Rosenblatt ?a? Somech (1998) µe?et??ta?
  d?e????t?? d?µ?t???? s???e???
• st? ?s?a?? e?t?p?sa?
• t? µe???? p?s?st? ?????? p?? af?????a? se
  d?ast????t?te? p??
• ?a?a?t??????ta? ap? p??????a, ?atateµa??sµ?,
  ???t??a ?a? s??t?µ?a
• d?ast????t?t?? t?? ?a??? ?a? st?? epaf?? µe
  e??s?????? p??s?pa
• t? µ???? p?s?st? t?? ?????? ??a pa?a???????s? t??
  e?pa?de?t????
• st?? t???.

15
4.5. ??e??e?? ??e??e?

• ? Caziel (1995) st?? ??e??? t?? ??a?e s?????s?
  a??µesa
• st??? d?e????t?? se s???e?a µe ???? ap?d?s? ?a?
• st??? d?e????t?? se µ?s?? ep?p?d?? s???e?a.
• ? ??e??a ep?s?µa?e d?af???? a??µesa st?? d??
• ?µ?de? d?e????t??.
• ?? d?e????t?? sta s???e?a µe ???? ap?d?s?
  ?ata??µ??? pe??ss?te?? ????? se ??µata
  e?pa?de?t???? ??es?a? (instructional leadership),
  st? ße?t??s? t?? s???e???, t? d?????s? t??
  p??s?p???? ?a? t?? s??se?? µe t??? ???e?? ?a? t??
  ?????t?ta.
• ?? d?e????t?? sta s???e?a µe µ?s? ap?d?s?
  af?????a? t?? pe??ss?te?? ????? t??? se ??µata
  ???t??a?

16
5.1. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• Te?f???d?? (1994)
• Saßß?d??, St???a??d?? ?s???????? (2002)
• ?as????d?? ?as?a?d?? (2005)
• ??ad??? ?p?t??p? ??e????t?? ???? (2009)

17
5.2. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• ? Te?f???d?? (1994) e??tase t? ????? t??
  d?e????t?? se s???e?a
• d?µ?t???? ?a? µ?s?? e?pa?de?s??. ? eßd?µad?a???
  ?????? e??as?a?
• p?? af?e???eta? se d?e????t??? ?a?????ta

S?µpe??sµa ?? d?e????t?? p?ste???? ?t? de?
????? t?? apa?t??µe?? ????? ??a t?? ?a??te??
?s??s? t?? ?a?????t?? t???.
18
5.3. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• ? µe?a??te?? d?af??? a??µesa st?? p?a?µat??? ?a?
  t?? ?de?d?
• ????? t?? d?e????t?? st? d?µ?t??? e?pa?de?s?.

S?µp??asµa ?? d?e????t?? a?a????????? ?t? p??pe?
?a ????? pe??ss?te?? ????? ??a t?? ?s??s? t??
????? t??? ?? e?pa?de?t???? ??et??
19
5.4. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• Saßß?d??, St???a??d?? ?a? ?s???????? (2002)
• ?a ap?te??sµata ??e??a? a??µesa se d?e????t??
• s???e??? ??µ?t???? ?a? ??s?? ??pa?de?s??
• de?????? ?t? ?? ??p???? d?e????t?? ?ata??µ??? t?
• ????? t??? ?ata pa??µ??? t??p? ?p?? ?a? ??
• s???de?f?? se ???e? ???e?, e?? ?e???? ??
• d?ast????t?te? t??? ?a?a?t??????ta? ap?
• ?atateµa??sµ?, p??????a ?a? s??t?µ?a.

20
5.5. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• Saßß?d??, St???a??d?? ?a? ?s???????? (2002)
• ? µ?s?? pe??p?? ?????? t?? d?e????t?? ?ata??µeta?
  se d?da?t??? ?a? d?????t??? ?a?????ta. ? t??p??,
  ?µ?? t?? ?ata??µ?? t??? ?????? st?? d?? a?t??
  d?ast????t?te?, d?af??e? a??µesa se d?e????t??.
• ? d?ast????t?ta ??a t?? ?p??a dapa?e?ta? ?
  ????te??? ?????? e??a? ? a?a?e???s? t??
  a?a??t???? p?????µµat??, ?s?? ???? t??
  s???e?t??t???? ?a?a?t??a t?? e?pa?de?t???? µa?
  s?st?µat??.
• Se a?t??es? µe ??e??e? st? e??te???? ?p?? ??
  d?e????t?? af?e?????? s?µa?t??? µ???? t?? ??????
  t??? st?? a??pt??? t?? p??s?p????, fa??eta? ?t?
  st?? ??p?? ?? d?e????t?? af?e?????? se a?t? t??
  t?µ?a µ??? 4 t?? ?????? st? d?µ?t??? ?a? 5 st?
  µ?s? e?pa?de?s?.

21
5.6. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• ?? ?as????d?? ?a? ?as?a?d?? (2005), ?? ?p??a
  as???????a? µe t?
• ?ept?µe?? µ?t??s? t?? eßd?µas????? ?????? e???
  d?e????t? e???
• d?µ?t???? s???e???.

22
5.7. ??e??e? st?? ??p??

• St?? ??e??a t?? ??ad???? ?p?t??p?? ??e????t?? t??
  
• ???? (2009), as???????e µe t?? e?t?p?sµ? t??
  a?a????
• t?? d?e????t?? st? ??µ?t??? ??pa?de?s?. Se s??s?
  µe t?
• ????? t?? d?e????t? e?t?p?st??a? ta e???
  p???ata?t???
• e???µata
• ? ap?te?esµat??? d?a?e???s? t?? ??????/?
  d?e?pe?a??s? t?? ?a?????t?? ???t??a? ap?te?e? ??a
  ap? t??? ßas????? t?µe?? t?? e??as?a? t??
  d?e????t?? p?? t??? p???a?e? t?? pe??ss?te?e?
  d?s????e?.
• ?? µe???? p?s?st? t?? d?da?t???? ?????? t??
  d?e????t? ap?te?e? ??a? ßas??? pa?????ta
  d?s????a? st?? ap?te?esµat??? d?a?e???s? t??
  ?????? t??.

23
6.1. S?µpe??sµata

• ????? ??a?t???st??? p?? ep?s?µa????ta? st??
  ??e??e? a?t?? e??a?
• ?t? ? pe??ss?te??? ?????? t?? d?e????t??
  ?ata??µeta? se
• ap????aµµ?t?ste? d?ast????t?te? (?? pe??ss?te?e?
  ap? t?? µ?s?? d?ast????t?te? t?? d?e????t?? e??a?
  ap????aµµ?t?ste?)
• d?ast????t?te? p?? ?a?a?t??????ta? ap? s??t?µ?a,
  p??????a ?a? ??tas?
• t?p??? ??afe????at??? d?ad??as?a (18 - 34)
• ??afe?a?? e??as?a
• p??s?p???? epaf?? (face to face) - e?tetaµ???
  ???s? t?? p??f?????? ep???????a? - t??ef??????
  s??d?a???e??, ep?s?µe? s??a?t?se??
• s????? pa?eµß????/d?a??p?? ap? d??f??a p??s?pa
  (e?pa?de?t?????, µa??t??, ß????t??? p??s?p???,
  ???e?? ?a? ep?s??pte?
• pe??d??ßas? t?? ????? t?? s???e???.

24
6.2. S?µpe??sµata

• ????? ??a?t???st??? p?? ep?s?µa????ta? st??
  ??e??e?
• a?t?? e??a? ?t? ? ????te??? ?????? t?? d?e????t??
  
• ?ata??µeta? se
• T?µata st?at?????? d?????s??, µa???p???esµ??
  s?ed?asµ??
• ?µad??? e??as?a ?a? s??e??as?a
• ?a?a???????s? ?a? a???????s? t?? e??as?a? t??
  µa??t??
• ?a?a???????s? t?? e??as?a? t?? e?pa?de?t???? st?
  t???.

25
6.3. ?as??? s?µp??asµa ??a t?? ??p??

• ? ?µfas? p?? p??pe? ?a d??e? ? d?e????t?? e??a?
  st??
• ap?te?esµat???t?t? t?? ??
• ??pa?de?t???? ???t?
• ??e????t???? ste?e???? (d?a?e???s?/??????s? ?a?
  d?????s? s???e???)
• ?p?µ????, ??e???eta? ?a ?????? a??a??? ?p??
• µe??s? t?? ?????? t?? d?e????t? se d?da?t???
  ?a?????ta
• a?ad???????s? t?? d?a?e??st????/???a??t???? ?a?
  d?????t???? ?a?????t?? t??
• a???s? t?? ?????? t?? ??a ?s??s? e?pa?de?t????
  ??es?a?.

26
7.1. ??s???se??

• 1. ?p?µ??f?s? t?? d?e????t?? se ??µata
  ap?te?esµat???? d?a?e???s?? t?? ?????? ??a
  ??????s? d?????s? t?? s???e???
• Everard Morris (1996)
• ?p? ??e??e? p?? ??a?a? d?ap?st?sa? p??
• ??ep?t???µ???? d?e????t??, ??a ?a a???p???s???
• ?a??te?a t? ????? t???, ???s?µ?p????? d??f??e?
• te??????, ?p?? e??a? ? a????s? t?? ?????? ?a? ?
• t???s? ?µe????????.

27
7.2. ??s???se??

• 2. ???a?????f?s? s?µa?t???? µ????? t??
  e??as?a? p?? af?e???e? ? d?e????t?? ??a ??µata
  d?????s?? ??????s?? t?? s???e???.
• ?ts?, ? d?e????t?? ?a e??a? p?? ap?te?esµat????
  s?
• a?t? t?? t?µ?a. ?a?t?????a, ?a ??e? pe??ss?te??
• ????? ?a af?e???e? st? ???? t?? ?? e?pa?de?t????
• ???t? (a??pt??? a?a??t???? p????aµµ?t??,
• ße?t??s? t?? ap?te?esµat???t?ta? t?? s???????
• µ???da?, a???????s? µ???da? µa??t??
• e?pa?de?t????, ep?µ??f?s? e?pa?de?t????).

28
7.3. ??s???se??T?? ?a? ??????s? ??????s?
s???e???

• ???? µ????? a???µ?? e?e???? µ???? t??a ??e?
  as?????e? µe t? ???s? t?? ???
• st?? ap?te?esµat??? ??????s?- d?????s? s???e???.
  ?at? ta te?e?ta?a d?de?a
• pe??p?? ?????a ????se ?a apas???e? a?t? t? ??µa
  t??? e?e???t??
• Scrimshaw (1997) ?????? ??a ???s?µ?p???s? t??
  ??? st? d?????s? t?? s???e???, ?ste ?a
  ?p?st???????? ?s?? eµp?????ta? st? d?das?a??a ?a?
  µ???s?.
• Passey (1997) Tet???? ep?d??se?? st? d?????s?
  t?? s???e??? ap? t? ???s?µ?p???s? t?? p???? t??
  d?ad??t??? st? s???e?? ?a? st? sp?t?.
• Somekh (2001) Tet???? ep?d??se?? st? d?????s?
  t?? s???e??? ap? t?? ???s?µ?p???s? t?? ???.
• Twinning (2001) ??a??a?a ? ???s?µ?p???s?
  te?????? t?? ??? sta d?µ?t??? s???e?a st? st?d??
  t?? efa?µ??? a??a??? ??a t?? ep?te??? t??
  ??aµ?t?? t?? s???e???.
• Visscher, Wild Fung (2001) ? ep?s??p?s? se????
  e?e???? se d??f??e? ???e? ?p?? ????e
  µ??a?????f?s? t?? s?st?µ?t?? p????f?????? sta
  s???e?a ?de??e t? s?µas?a t?? ??? st? d?????s?
  t?? s???e???
• North (2000) ? ???s?µ?t?ta t?? ??? st?? a??pt???
  t?? ??a??t?ta? t?? s???e??? ??a ap?te?esµat???
  d?????s?.

29
7.4. ??s???se??T?? ?a? ??????s? ??????s?
s???e???

• ?e?????? t?? d?a?e???s??/??????s??, t?? d?????s??
  ?a? t?? ??es?a? t??
• s???e??? ?p?? µp????? ?a ???s?µ?p??????? ?? ???
• ?p?st????? pt???? t?? ??es?a? ?p?? ? ????t???a
  t?? s???e??? ?a? ?? de???t?te? ??es?a?
• ??pa?de?t???? a??a??? ?a? ?a???t?µ?e?
• ??a?e???s? t?? a??a???
• ???se???se?? d?????s??
• ???se???se?? st?at?????? ?a? ta?t???? s?ed?asµ??
• ??????s? ?a? a??pt??? p??s?p????
• ??????s? ???
• ???pt??? p????
• ??????µ??? d?a?e???s?
• S?ed?asµ?? p????aµµ?t?? d?????s??
• ?a?a???????s? ?a? a???????s? t?? d?ad??as??? t??
  d?????s??
• ???e????t?s? a???????af?a?
• ????????s? µa??t??

30
?p??????

• ? Te?f???d?? (1994) a?af??e? ? d?e????t??, p??
  pe???
• t?? ??e? t?? ?????? st? ??afe?? t?? ?a? ep?µ????
• pa?aµ??e? a??at??, d?s???a µp??e? ?a d?µ??????se?
  ??a
• e????µ? s???e??. (se?. 50).
• Everard Morris (1996)
• ?? d?e????t?? s?????? ?????? ?a ??????ta?
  s??e??? ed? ?a? e?e?,
• ??at? d?af??et??? a?s?????ta? ??????. T????? ?a
  de?????? p?? e??a?
• p??ta p???µ???? µe epe????se? e??as?e?. ??t?? ??
  d?e????t?? ?µ??
• ap?t???????? st?? ??????s? t?? e??as?a? t??? ?a?
  ?d?a?te?a t??
• ?????? t??? (s. 111).