Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides

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Burley Tobacco Update Fertilization and Pesticides
Dr. Bob Pearce Extension Tobacco Specialist
2007 ANR Agent Update Elizabethtown, Kentucky
November, 27 2007
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Outline

• Nitrogen fertilizer issues
• Source concerns
• Rate recommendations
• Possible boron deficiency
• Pesticide residues
• Endosulfan
• MH
• Variety Update

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Issues

• Economics
• Leaf prices steady (at best)
• N fertilizer prices up
• Price tied to natural gas
• Transportation costs up
• Nitrosamine concerns
• Tobacco companies want less N applied
• Quality concerns
• Too little thin body, poor yield
• Too much delayed maturity, fat stems
• Potential regulations on ammonium nitrate

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Price Per Unit of Nitrogen for Selected
Fertilizer Materials
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Alternative N Sources

• Dolomitic Ammonium Nitrate (27 N)
• Ammonium nitrate mixed with lime
• 78 ammonium nitrate
• Theoretically similar to ammonium nitrate
• Can impregnate some chemicals ?
• Relatively high cost?
• Availability (Bagged)
• Limited practical experience
• Initial acceptance
• Poor

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Alternative N Sources

• Calcium Nitrate (15.5 N)
• Sodium Nitrate (16 N)
• Sodium-Potassium Nitrate (15 N)
• Immediate uptake (good for sidedress)
• Good for low pH soils
• Erratic availability
• High cost (gt1.20 /lb.)
• Low analysis
• high transport cost

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Alternative N Sources

• UAN
• Cost competitive
• Easy to apply
• Availability ?

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Conversion to Nitrate in soil
of Fertilizer as NO3-N of Fertilizer as NO3-N of Fertilizer as NO3-N
N Source N Source Weeks After Application Weeks After Application Weeks After Application
0 3 6
Ammonium Nitrate Ammonium Nitrate 50 80 90
Anhydrous Ammonia Anhydrous Ammonia 0 20 65
Urea Urea 0 50 75
UAN Solution UAN Solution 25 60 80
Nitrate Sources Nitrate Sources 100 100 100
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Equivalent Acidity or Basicity of Fertilizers
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Revised Nitrogen Recommendations For Tobacco Revised Nitrogen Recommendations For Tobacco Revised Nitrogen Recommendations For Tobacco
Well Drained Soil Moderately Well Drained Soil
------------Lb N/A------------ ------------Lb N/A------------
Low N levels following tobacco or row crops 225-250 250-275
Medium N levels first-year tobacco following a grass or grass-legume sod 200-225 225-250
High N levels first-year tobacco following legume sod or legume cover crop 150-175 175-200
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Nitamin Fertilizer Test-2006Fayette County
Spindeltop Farm
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Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County
Spindeltop Farm
Treatment Preplant N (lbs./A) Sidedress N (lbs./A) Total N (lbs.A)
1 80 0 80
2 80 50 130
3 80 100 180
4 160 0 160
5 160 50 210
6 160 100 260
7 240 0 240
8 240 50 290
9 240 100 340
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Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County
Spindeltop Farm
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Nitrogen Fertilizer TestFayette County
Spindeltop Farm
Weighted Avg. price for crop
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Multi-State Burley Tobacco N test
Six location/years (TN, VA, and KY)
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A)
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) 80 160 240
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) Yield (lbs./A) Yield (lbs./A) Yield (lbs./A)
0 2435 2504 2707
50 2552 2642 2689
100 2622 2632 2665
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Multi-State Burley Tobacco N test
Six location/years (TN, VA, and KY)
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A) Pre-plant N (lbs. N/A)
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) 80 160 240
Side-dress N (lbs. N/A) TSNA (ppm) TSNA (ppm) TSNA (ppm)
0 1.43 1.85 2.76
50 2.10 2.77 3.57
100 2.56 2.89 4.48
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Boron Deficiency ?
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Boron Fertility TestBernie Cave Farm 2007
Planted 6/16/07 Rated 7/26/07
ppm B in plant Check 13.0 0.25 TW 15.3 0.50
TW 18.3
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Pesticide Concerns

• Illegal pesticides
• Could void contract
• Indiscriminant use of labeled pesticides
• Endosulfan (Golden Leaf)
• Do not use at or after topping
• MH
• Others
• Pounce
• Prowl

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Endosulfan Residues in Cured BurleyUniversity
of Tennessee 2005
Harvested 20 days after last application
Harvested 5 days after application
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If I cant use Endosulfan what can I use?
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Start right

• Admire 2F
• Admire Pro
• 0.5 fl oz/1000
• Generics
• Alias
• Couraze
• Nuprid
• Widow
• Platinum
• 0.5 fl oz/1000

1 fl oz/ 1000
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Budworms

• Threshold
• 5 or more per 50 plants
• 3 weeks after trans planting until 1 week before
  harvest

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Effects of Insecticide Treatment on Budworms
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• Hornworms
• Threshold
• 5 or more hornworms per 50 plants
• 3 weeks after trans planting until harvest
• Do not count if white cocoons.

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Budworm and Hornworm Insecticides Rate/Acre Harvest Interval (Days)
Agree WG 1 to 2 lbs 0
Biobit HP or F ½ to 1 lb 1 to 4 pts 0
Dipel 10 G 5 to 10 lbs 0
Dipel DF Dipel ES 1/2 to 1 lb 1 to 2 pts (BW) ½ to 1 pt (HW) 0
Javelin WG 1/8 to 1-1/4 lb 0
Lepinox WDG 1 to 2 lbs 0
XenTari DF ½ to 2 lb 0
Denim 0.16 EC 8 to 12 fl oz 14
Tracer 4SC 1.4 to 2.9 fl oz 3
Acephate 75 SP, Orthene 75 SP Orthene 97 2/3 lb (HW) to 1 lb (BW) 2/3 lb (HW) to 1 lb (BW) ½ lb HW 3/4 lb BW 3
Sevin 80S 1-1/4 lbs 0
Lannate SP ½ lb 14
Capture 2E 2.56-6.4 fl oz No later than lay-by
Warrior 1 CS 1.9 to 3.8 fl oz 40
Endosulfan 3E 2/3 to 1-1/3 qt 5
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Reduce or Eliminate MH?
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Combination Sucker Control Recommendation

• Reduce MH rate and add a local systemic
• 1.5 gal MH 0.5 gal Butralin, Flupro or Prime
• Use Coarse nozzles
• TG-5 / CE-5 or equivalent at 4-4.5 mph
• TG-3 / CE-3 or equivalent at 2.5-3 mph

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Range of MH Residues in Kentucky for 1997 - 2004
Low lt 41, Medium 41-80, High 81-120, Very
High 120 - 200, Extremely High gt200 ppm
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Regional Sucker Control Treatments
  1st Treatment (Elongated Bud) 2nd Treatment (At topping 10-25 bloom)
1 Untreated Check
2 Royal MH-30 (2 gal/a)
3 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a)
4 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a Flupro 0.5 gal/a)
5 Royal MH-30 (1.5 gal/a Butralin 0.5 gal/a)
6 Off-shoot T (3) Off-shoot T (4) Butralin (0.5 gal/a)
7 Butralin (1 gal/a)
8 Off-shoot T (3) Off-shoot T (4) Butralin (1 gal/a)
60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were scheduled for 5 days apart but were applied 7 days apart due to weather 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were scheduled for 5 days apart but were applied 7 days apart due to weather 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were scheduled for 5 days apart but were applied 7 days apart due to weather
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Comparison of Sucker Control Treatments at Two
Weeks after Application UK Spindletop Farm
(MH Royal MH-30, FFlupro, BButralin,) in (gal)
OOff-Shoot-T in (), UTCuntreated check,
fbfollowed by at 7 days. Sprayer malfunctioned
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The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Number
per Plant UK Spindletop Farm
(MH Royal MH-30, FFlupro, BButralin,) in (gal)
OOff-Shoot-T in (), UTCuntreated check
fbfollowed by at 7 days. Sprayer malfunctioned
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The Effects of Sucker Treatment on Sucker Weight
UK Spindletop Farm
(MH Royal MH-30, FFlupro, BButralin,) in (gal)
OOff-Shoot-T in (), UTCuntreated check,
fbfollowed by at 7 days. Sprayer malfunctioned
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MH Free Trials Treatments
1st Treatment (Elongated Bud) 2nd Treatment At topping ( 10-25 bloom) 3rd Treatment5 days post top
1 Off-Shoot T 3 Off-Shoot T 4 Butralin 1
2 Off-Shoot T 4 Off-Shoot T 4 Butralin 1
3 Off-Shoot T 4 Butralin 1
4 Off-Shoot T 4 Off-Shoot T 4Butralin 1
5 Off-Shoot T 4 Off-Shoot T 4Butralin 1 Butralin 1
6 Off-Shoot T 4 Flupro 1 Butralin 1
7 Off-Shoot T 4 Butralin Butralin 1
8 Off-Shoot T 4 Royal MH 1.5
9 Off-Shoot T 4 Butralin 0.5Royal MH1.5
10 Untreated Check
60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were applied 5 days apart 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were applied 5 days apart 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were applied 5 days apart 60 gal/a at 2.4 mph and 30 psi using a West Texas Lee high clearance sprayer Treatments were applied 5 days apart
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MH Free TrialsComparison of Sucker Control
TreatmentsUK Coldstream Farm
(MH Royal MH-30, FFlupro, BButralin,) in (gal)
OOff-Shoot-T in (), UTCuntreated check (-)
followed by at 5 days.
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Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker Control
  Nozzles Arrangement PSI MPH Gal
1 TG-3 - TG-5 - TG-3 30 2 60
2 TG-3 - TG-5 - TG-3 30 3 50
3 TG-5 - TG-5 - TG-5 30 3 60
4 TG-5 - TG-6 - TG-5 30 3 60
Treatments consisted of 4 Off-shoot T at
elongated bud followed by a combination of
Off-shoot T at 4 plus Butralin at 1 gal /a.
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Effects of Nozzle Size on Sucker Control
All Nozzles were TG full cone nozzles
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Getting Closer to MH free but .

• Will probably require multiple trips
• Fatty alcohol prior to topping
• One or two trips after topping
• Fatty alcohol availability and price ???
• Still expect some escapes
• Usually top one or two nodes
• Some hand removal may be necessary
• Relatively low sucker pressure in 2007?

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Variety Update

• KT 206
• High black shank resistance (race 0)
• Blue mold tolerance (similar to TN 90)
• High Yield (3300 - 3400)
• Big tobacco/large stalk
• N 7371
• Moderate black shank resistance
• Long narrow leaves
• High yield (3200)
• Dark color