Elaine M. Prins

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Overview of GOES Fire Products and Their
Applications Workshop on Air Quality Applications
of Satellite Data NOAA NESDIS Center for
Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), 4 May
2004
Elaine M. Prins NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/STAR Advanced
Satellite Products Branch Madison, WI Grass
Valley, CA elaine.prins_at_ssec.wisc.edu Joleen
M. Feltz Chris C. Schmidt UW-Madison Cooperative
Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies
Grass Valley
UW-Madison Cooperative Institute for
Meteorological Satellite Studies (CIMSS)
NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/CORP Advanced Satellite
Products Branch (ASPB)
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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• Applications of Meteorological Satellite Fire
  Products
• Hazards Detection and Monitoring Each year
  millions of acres of forest and grassland are
  consumed by wildfire resulting in loss of
  life and property with significant economic costs
  and
  environmental implications.- Although the
  capabilities of current operational
  meteorological satellites are limited, they can
  provide valuable regional and global fire
  products in near real-time, and are critical for
  fire detection and monitoring in remote locations
  and developing countries.
• Global Change and Air Quality Monitoring
  Biomass burning is a distinct biogeochemical
  process that plays an important
  role in terrestrial ecosystem processes and
  global climate change - Land use and land
  cover change monitoring Fire is used in the
  process of deforestation and agricultural
  management. Approximately 85 of all
  fires occur in the equatorial and subtropical
  regions and are not adequately documented.-
  Estimates of atmospheric emissions Biomass
  burning is a major source of trace gases and an
  abundant source of aerosols NO, CO2
  (40), CO (32), O3(38), NOX, N2O, NH3, SOX,
  CH4(10), NMHC (gt20) , POC (39)-
  Within the Framework Convention on Climate
  Change (FCCC) countries need to report on
  greenhouse gas emissions including those from
  biomass burning.

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The Basics of GOES Satellite Infrared Fire
Detection
Pixel
(Example from South America)
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Current U.S. Geostationary Coverage and Fire
Monitoring Characteristics
Fire Monitoring Characteristics

• Oversampling in the East/West direction with a
  sub-sampled res of 2.3x4.0 km
• High temporal resolution every 15 minutes over
  portions of North America, half-hourly elsewhere,
  capability for 1-minute imaging in Super Rapid
  Scan Operational mode.
• GOES-12 band 2 has an elevated saturation
  temperature of 337 K.Elevated GOES-12 band 2
  saturation temperature gives improved fire
  characterization.
• GOES-10 saturates at 322K resulting in non-fire
  saturation points during peak heating hours.
• Fire size detectability limits with an average
  fire temperature of 750KEquator .15 ha
  50N .32 ha

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University of Wisconsin-Madison
CIMSS/ASPT GOES-10/-12 Half-hourly Wildfire ABBA
Web Distribution http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/b
urn/wfabba.html
Examples of Regional View Sectors
Animations of Wildfire ABBA composite image
products are being provided via anonymous ftp and
the web every half-hour. Displays include three
overviews and 35 regional views providing
coverage of the entire Western Hemisphere.
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Examples of the GOES Wildfire ABBA Monitoring
System in the Western Hemisphere
http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/burn/wfabba.html
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Fire Detection Using Rapid Scan Imagery Case
Studies in the Western U.S. During the 2002 Fire
Season
Using rapid scan GOES-11 data, the WF_ABBA was
able to identify several wildfires in imagery
near/at the initial reported start times during
the 2002 fire season in the Western U.S.
Rodeo/Chediski Complex Largest Wildfire in
Arizonas Recorded History Size gt 480,000
acres Cost gt 170 million Start Date of Rodeo
Fire 18 June 2002 Official report time by
suspected arsonist 2311 UTC Initial detect in
post-processed GOES-11 image 2307 UTC
UW-Madison/CIMSS/ASPT
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GOES-11 Rapid Scan Visible Imagery Highlights the
Hayman Fire
Denver WebCam Blue Skies over Denver Date 9
June 2002 Time 906 am (1506 UTC)
Denver WebCam Decreased visibility due to
smoke Date 9 June 2002 Time 306 pm (2106
UTC)
CSU/CIRA/RAMM Team
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GOES WF_ABBA Diurnal Monitoring of Wildfires In
the Western U.S.
GOES-10 WF_ABBA Alpha-Blended Imagery (GOES
Visible, IR, WF_ABBA, USGS GLCC)

• Half-hourly GOES alpha-blended imagery provide
  insight into diurnal variation in fire and
  weather
• Currently products are available on-line within
  half-hour of image receipt
• Goal is to provide fire products within 5 minutes
  for regional sectors in rapid scan mode this
  year. Rapid scan mode can be requested by the
  fire weather community.

26 October 29 October 2003
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Applications of the GOES Wildfire ABBA for
Land-Use/Land-Cover Change Studies
Throughout the Western Hemisphere GOES Wildfire
Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA)
trend analyses are providing insight into biomass
burning activity associated with land-use and
land-cover applications for climate change and
carbon cycle studies.
GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA Composite Fire Product for
Western Amazonia in Acre, Brazil
Date June October, 2002
In 2002 a validation effort was conducted in the
new frontier of Acre, Brazil. The GOES-8 WF_ABBA
identified 84 of the 88 fires that were
monitored by on-site survey teams the majority
of the fires not detected with the GOES WF_ABBA
were cloud-covered. Most of the fires were less
than 10 hectares in size.
(Cost share with NASA ESE and LBA funding)
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Wildfires and Agricultural Burning Show Strong
Diurnal Cycle
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2002 Validation Study in Quebec
In one case, the WF_ABBA detected a fire 17 days
in advance of the first fire agency report. This
fire eventually burned more than 55,000 hectares.
This fire was located in Northern Quebec where
there is no need for systematic daily detection
by SOPFEU
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WF_ABBA Results for the 2002 Quebec Fire Season
Fire Pixel Flag Positive Fire Detections Possible Fire Detections False Detections
Processed 2775 (3030) 20 (20) 52 (133)
Saturated 1979 (2001) 0 (0) 0 (6)
Cloud Covered 1978 (2120) 2 (3) 3 (11)
High Possibility 598 (689) 1 (1) 5 (170)
Medium Possibility 61 (88) 9 (12) 18 (197)
Low Possibility 448 (539) 75 (113) 168 (1660)
Unfiltered 78 confirmed 2
possible 20 false (primarily low poss.)
Filtered 96 confirmed 1
possible 3 false (primarily low poss.)
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Real-time Assimilation of the Wildfire ABBA Fire
Products into the NAAPS Model
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Applications of the GOES Wildfire ABBA in
Modeling Programs
Real-time Assimilation at the University of Sao
Paulo and CPTEC/INPE into the RAMS model
Real-time Assimilation into the Naval Research
Laboratory Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction
System (NAAPS)
RAMS CO Product
RAMS PM2.5 Product
GOES-8 WF_ABBA Fire Product
GOES WF_ABBA Fire Product 22 August 2003 at
1745 UTC
NAAPS Smoke Optical Depth 22 August 2003 at
1800 UTC
Point Sources for 13 August 2002
GOES-8 ABBA Fire and MACADA Cloud Products Used
in Study to Model and Predict Future Fire
Activity at UNH Collaboration with Univ. of New
Hampshire Inst. for Study of Earth, Oceans, and
Space

• Other Modeling Efforts and Collaborations
• Real-time Air Quality Modeling at
  NASA/Langley Real-time assimilation into the
  RAQMS model as part of IDEA (Infusing satellite
  Data into Environmental Applications)
• Fire Emissions and Regional Air Quality
  Modeling at NCAR Assimilation into the U.S. EPA
  Community Multiscale Air Quality model in support
  of the 2002 SMOCC campaign in Brazil
• Climate Modeling at NASA/GSFC Assimilation
  into the GOCART model

Intermediate Deforestation Scenario Predicted
increase in future regional fire activity 22
Number of Fire Pixels
Complete Deforestation Scenario Predicted
increase in future regional fire activity 123
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Comparison between WF_ABBA Fire Observations and
MOPITT CO ProductPacific Northwest United States
MOPITT Total Column CO 2527 August 2000
Smoke and cumulus from large fires
MOPITT CO Max.
NorthDakota
Montana
Idaho
GOES-10 WF_ABBA Detected Fires 2027 August 2000
MOPITT carbon monoxide composite is courtesy of
J. Warner (NCAR) and the MOPITT Science team
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ABI Bands
Band 7 Saturation temperature of 400K
MODIS/MTG/ Aircraft, etc
MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)
Current GOES Imagers
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GOES-R and GOES-I/M Simulations of Southern
California Fires Using MODIS Data
27-October-2003 at 0950 UTC
GOES-12 Simulated 3.9 micron Data Padua/Grand
Prix Fires Date 27-Oct-03 Time 0950 UTC
GOES-R Simulated 3.9 micron Data Padua/Grand Prix
Fires Date 27-Oct-03 Time 0950 UTC
Brightness Temperature (K)
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• Overview and Future Plans
• Current international environmental
  meteorological satellites were not specifically
  designed for fire monitoring and have limitations
  in this application.
• In the Western Hemisphere GOES WF_ABBA fire
  products are providing new insights into diurnal,
  spatial, seasonal and interannual biomass burning
  activity with applications in hazards, global
  change, and emissions monitoring.
• The International Global Observing Strategy
  GOFC/GOLD Fire Program has recommended
  development and operational implementation of a
  consistent global geostationary fire product
  utilizing GOES/MSG/MTSAT. Demonstration in
  2005.
• Future plans - Implement a Rapid Scan WF_ABBA
  for hazards applications, with products
  available within 5 minutes - Go Global Adapt
  GOES WF_ABBA to GOES-9, MSG, MTSAT-1R -
  Transfer global WF_ABBA to NESDIS Operations -
  Participate in multi-sensor validation and
  intercomparison studies - Get ready for the next
  generation geostationary platform (ABI)

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