Elaine Davies

1
Elaine Davies

• Cwmni Iaith

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Ymwybyddiaeth Iaith a ChydraddoldebWelsh
Language Awareness and Equality

• PAM?
• BETH?
• SUT?

• WHY?
• WHAT?
• HOW?

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Peuoedd ymwybyddiaeth iaithThe domains of
language awareness

• Y pau goddrychol
• Y pau cymdeithasol
• Y pau pwer

• The affective
• The social
• The power domain

James and Garrett, 1991
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Egwyddorion sylfaenolBasic principles

• Yn agor drysau nid eu cau
• Yn rhoi lle i bawb
• Yng nghyd-destun gorthrwm, grym a grymuso

• Inclusive, not exclusive
• A role for all
• Set in the context of oppression, power and
  empowerment

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Iaith, Deddfwriaeth a Pholisi GyhoeddusLanguag
e, Legislation and Public Policy
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Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg The Welsh Language
Act
1993

• Cydraddoldeb yr egwyddor, wrth gynnal busnes
  cyhoeddus a gweinyddu cyfiawnder yng Nghymru, y
  dylid trin y Gymraeg ar Saesneg ar y sail eu bod
  yn gyfartal.

• Equality the principle that in the conduct of
  public business and the administration of justice
  in Wales, the English and Welsh languages should
  be treated on a basis of equality.

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Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg The Welsh Language Act

• Darparu Gwasanaethau Cyrff cyhoeddus syn
  darparu gwasanaethau ir cyhoedd yng Nghymru i
  baratoi cynlluniau iaith yn disgrifio sut byddant
  yn darparu gwasanaethau Cymraeg yn unol â
  chanllawiau Bwrdd yr Iaith

• Service Provision Public and Crown bodies
  providing services in Wales to prepare statutory
  language schemes that describe how they will
  provide services in Welsh according to W.L.B.
  guidelines.

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Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg The Welsh Language Act

• Bwrdd Statudol Sefydlu Bwrdd yr Iaith Gymraeg
  i
• Arolygur Cynlluniau Iaith Gymraeg
• Hyrwyddor Gymraeg yn gyffredinol

• Statutory Board Establishment of Welsh Language
  Board to
• Oversee implementation of Welsh Language Schemes
• Promote the Welsh language in general

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The Significance of the Act to the Care Sector

• in circumstances where stress, vulnerability,
  illness or disability are key factors, not being
  able to communicate in their first language may
  place those concerned at a personal disadvantage.
  Given the sensitive nature of many of these
  discussions, it is important to offer language
  choice wherever possible.
• Guidance 6(iv), page 26
• Guidance on the Preparation of Language Schemes
  W.L.B.

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Iaith Pawb
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Iaith Pawb

• Our vision is a bold one a truly bilingual
  Wales, by which we mean a country where people
  can choose to live their lives through the medium
  of both Welsh or English and where the presence
  of the two languages is source of pride and
  strength to us all.
• Welsh Assembly Government, 2003

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Dewis iaith a darparu gwasanaethLanguage choice
and service delivery

• Hawl yr unigolyn
• Grwpiau penodol
• Iechyd a gofal yn gyffredinol

• Individual rights
• Specific groups
• Health and social care generally

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Y Safon Gydraddoldebau GyfunolThe Generic
Equalities Standard

• Dwyn ynghyd y 4 cydraddoldeb statudol
• Ffrawmaith i brif-ffrydio
• Tynnu fewn or cyrion

• Combining 4 statutory equalities
• Framework for mainstreaming
• Drawing in from the margins

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Y Safonau Galwedigaethol ar Codau
YmarferNational OccupationalStandards and Codes
of Practice

• Sensitifrwydd diwylliannol
• Cyfathrebu addas
• Hawliau a buddannaur unigolyn

• Cultural sensitivity
• Appropriate communication
• Individuals rights and interests

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BETH?WHAT?

• Iaith a phwer iaith a hunaniaeth
• Y profiad hanesyddol
• Y Gymraeg heddiw demograffi
• Y siaradwr dwyieithog

• Language and power language and identity
• The historical perspective
• The language today demography
• The bilingual speaker

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Archwilio agweddauExploring personal attitudes

• Its the care that counts and not the language
  you use to offer the care.

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Iaith a hunaniaethLanguage and identity

• I had the common experience that speaking
  another language alters the I that is being
  expressed. I had not realised before that what
  you are is partly formed by what you speak.
• Barnie, 1992

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a mwy and another

• Language is much more than a means of
  communication. Not only does it carry a view of
  the environment but through its vocabulary and
  its structure, through the associations generated
  by its literature, through the symbol which it is
  and the symbols which it transmits, it creates a
  distinctive identity which is at once a
  derivative of tradition and an expression of the
  present.
• Aitchison Carter, 1994

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Iaith a gwasanaethLanguage and service delivery

• Welsh speakers often phone for advice. They
  often start the conversation by asking for
  factual or practical information and then move on
  to talk about a far more personal problem which
  is more difficult to discuss. Although it is
  difficult to put ones finger on the reason why,
  I get the impression that they move on to the
  second subject, often the real reason for
  phoning, because they are able to speak Welsh.
  The nature of the service would be very different
  if I wasnt able to speak Welsh.
• Voluntary sector worker

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The Welsh Language and Anti-oppressive Practice

• Users have the right to choose which language to
  use with their worker
• Language is more than a means of communication
  it is an essential part of a persons identity
• People can express themselves more effectively
  and comfortably in a chosen language
• Good practice means giving users real choice over
  language use
• A quality and comprehensive service in Wales now
  means a bilingual service
• CCETSW, 1994 2001

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1536 1542
Deddfau Uno Acts of Incorporation
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because the people of the same Dominion
Wales have and do daily use a speech nothing
like or consonant to the natural mother used
within this Realm Englandand intending to
reduce them to the perfect order, notice and
knowledge of the laws of this Realm, and utterly
to extirpe i.e. uproot or exterminate all and
singular usages and customs differing from the
sameNo person who uses the Welsh speech or
language shall have or enjoy any manner off
office or fees within the Realm of England, Wales
or other of the Kings Dominions.
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Deddfau UnoActs of Incorporation

• The Welsh language was excluded from all official
  spheres.
• It was marginalised and became the language of
  home and chapel.
• The Welsh language lost status.

• Gwaharddwyd yr iaith o beuoedd swyddogol.
• Gwthiwyd y Gymraeg ir ymylon ai throin iaith y
  cartref ar capel.
• Collodd yr iaith ei statws

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Barn Hanesydd The Historians View

• A monoglot Welsh speaker could only feel
  underprivileged under such a system, and over the
  centuries this awareness of the privilege of
  English speakers would nurture attitudes towards
  the Welsh language which would endanger the
  existence of the language.
• (John Davies, 1990)

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Effaith / Effects

• Ble / pryd i ddefnyddior iaith
• Hunan-hyder siaradwyr Cymraeg
• Parodrwydd i newid iaith

• Where / when to use the language
• Self-confidence of Welsh speakers
• Readiness to change language

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1847Brad y Llyfrau Gleision The Treason of the
Blue Books

• The Welsh language is a vast drawback to Wales
  and a manifold barrier to the moral progress and
  commercial prosperity of the people. It is not
  easy to over-estimate its evil effects.

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1847Brad y Llyfrau Gleision The Treason of the
Blue Books

• Lluniwyd gan 3 dyn heb fawr ddim gwybodaeth am
  Gymru ar Gymraeg
• Galw siaradwyr Cymraeg yn dwp, yn anfoesol, yn
  ddichellgar ac yn fasweddus.
• Deddf Addysg 1870 Dim darpariaeth ar gyfer
  dysgu Cymraeg mewn ysgolion elfennol.

• Written by 3 men who had little knowledge of
  Wales and the Welsh language.
• Called Welsh speakers stupid, immoral, deceitful
  and wanton.
• 1870 Education Act No provision for teaching
  Welsh in elementary schools.

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Welsh Not
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1962
Tynged yr Iaith The Fate of the
Language
Saunders Lewis 1893 - 1985
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1963
Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg The
Welsh Language Society
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Y Dylanwad HanesyddolThe Historical Influence

• The Welsh language was excluded from public
  administration for over 400 years
• The status of the language therefore remained low
• Welsh speakers have inherited a legacy which
  means that they may feel inferior and lack
  confidence in using Welsh
• Specific measures and firm policies are needed on
  the part of service providers.

• Cadwyd y Gymraeg allan o weinyddiaeth gyhoeddus
  am dros 400 mlynedd
• Mae statws y Gymraeg felly yn isel
• Mae siaradwyr Cymraeg heddiw yn gallu teimlon
  israddol ac yn amharod i ddefnyddior iaith
• Mae angen mesurau pendant a pholisiau cadarn gan
  gyrff syn darparu gwasanaethau ir cyhoedd.

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Y Gymraeg Heddiw The Welsh Language Today

• Mae dros hanner siaradwyr Cymraeg yn byw mewn
  ardaloedd trefol
• Maer iaith yn mynd yn iau gyda chynnydd yn nifer
  y plant ar bobl ifanc syn siarad Cymraeg
• Cyfrifiad 2001 yn dangos cynnydd yn nifer a
  chanran siaradwyr Cymraeg

• More than half Welsh speakers live in urban areas
• The Welsh language is getting younger, with an
  increase in the numbers of children and young
  people who are Welsh speakers
• The 2001 Census showed an increase in the number
  and percentage of Welsh speakers

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DwyieithrwyddBilingualism

• Dwyieithrwydd yn gyffredin
• Y person ambi-ieithog yn brin
• Dewis iaith yn dibynnu ar sefyllfa a diben

• Bilingualism is common
• The ambilingual person is rare
• Language choice is dependent on function and
  context

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SUT? Cyfleoedd Dysgu YmarferHOW? Practice
Learning Opportunities

• Cynllunio
• Darparu cyfleoedd dysgu
• Asesu

• Planning
• Providing learning opportunities
• Assessment

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CynllunioPlanning

• Beth yw anghenion dysgur myfyriwr?
• Beth yw fanghenion i?
• Pa adnoddau sydd eu hangen?
• Ble ddylwn i droi?

• What are the students learning needs?
• What are my needs?
• What resources do I need?
• Where should I turn?

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Darparu cyfleoedd dysgu Providing learning
opportunities

• Nodwch 2 3 o gyfleoedd dysgu ymarferol.
• Identify 2 3 practical learning opportunities.

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Rhai awgrymiadauA few suggestions

• Deddfwriaeth a pholisi dadansoddiad or Cynllun
  Iaith
• Demograffi hel lluniau cynnal arolwg lleol
• Hanes effaith ar ddefnyddwyr
• Dwyieithrwydd astudiaeth fechan

• Legislation and policy critique of Welsh
  Language Scheme
• Demography photos local language audit
• History impact on service users
• Bilingualism small-scale study

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Y gair olafThe last word

• Im nervous in English, but in Welsh Im more
  relaxed, more confident.
• I feel I can get my point across easier in Welsh
  than when Im speaking English. Perhaps I
  wouldnt put things so clearly in English. And, I
  sometimes feel stupid when Im speaking English.
  Perhaps then its easier just to say nothing.
• Welsh Consumer Council, 2000

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Diolch yn FawrThank You

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