Nervous System, the brain, and how to learn

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Nervous System, the brain, and how to learn

• Overview

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Controls body functions with electric (or sound)
impulses
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Dominant Brain lab, lab book pg. 107
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Divided into Two Parts

• Two physical systems
• Central nervous system (CNS)
• Brain
• Spinal cord
• Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
• All other nerve tissue

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Brain

• Cerebrum
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem

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Cerebrum Cerebral Cortex

• Coordinates
• Thinking and learning
• Creativity
• Five senses
• Memory and emotion
• Problem-solving
• Decisions

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Hippocampus

• Stores and processes memories
•  
• Helps find memories
• Affects emotions

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Cerebellum

• Coordinates
• Most muscles
• Movement
• Learned skills

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Cerebellum

• Receives messages from most of the muscles in
  your body
• Communicates with the other parts of the brain
• Sends messages about movement and balance back to
  your body

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Brain Stem

• Coordinates
• Heartbeat
• Breathing
• Digestion
• Swallowing
• Blinking

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Spinal Cord

• Bundle of nerves that carries messages between
  the brain and the rest of the body.
• Long tube of nerve tissue running from the brain
  down the length of the back inside of the spine

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Peripheral Nervous System

• Somatic NS
• Sensory nerves
• Motor nerves
• Messages between brain and body
• CONTROLS VOLUNTARY MUSCLES
• Autonomic NS
• Controls organs and some muscles
• CONTROLS INVOLUNTARY MUSCLES

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NeuronsNerve Cells

• Parts
• Soma
• Dendrites
• Axon
• Carry messages
• Called impulses

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The Neuron

• Basic functional unit of nervous system
• Two types of fibers extend from cell body
• Dendrite
• Carries impulses toward cell body
• Axon
• Carries impulses away from cell body
• Some covered with myelin

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Motor Neuron
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The Neuron (cont)

• Types of neurons
• Sensory neurons
• Transmit impulses towards CNS
• Motor neurons
• Transmit impulses away from CNS
• Connecting neurons
• Contact at synapse

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Synapse

• Small space across which an impulse moves from an
  axon to the dendrites or cell body of another
  neuron

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Stimulus-Response

• Stimulus (stimuli)
• Anything that the body can react or respond to
• May be internal or external
• Response the reaction to stimuli

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http//www.bbc.co.uk
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http//www.infovisual.info
Impulses are picked up by DENDRITES and travel
down the AXON.
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• Stimuli comes into the brain through the five
  senses. The nerves that bring stimuli into the
  body are SENSORY neurons.
• The impulse travels through INTERNEURONS.
• When the impulse reaches the MOTOR neuron, the
  response occurs.

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View How to learn effectively ppt
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For Fun
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The Math Game

• Perform the following pieces of arithmetic in
  your head
• 7 7 ?
• 21 - 7 ?
• 10 4 ?
• 34 - 20 ?
• 16 - 2 ?
• 11 3 ?
• Now think of a vegetable really quick!

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..did you pick carrot?

• The Math Game Revealed
• I had been explaining this with the spreading
  activation theory of associative memory, which
  would suggest that the familiarity of the phrase
  "14 carat" primed you for the word "carrot"
  However, I got a mailbox of complaints, most
  coming from one of two themes
• A number of non-English speakers (primarily
  Swedes - go figure) independently reported
  picking "carrot" despite the lack of an
  equivalent carrot-carat pair in Swedish.
• Some extremely lazy individuals groused that they
  picked carrot even though they had not bothered
  to perform the arithmetic.
• While I could make the argument that the Swedes
  were thinking in English at the time they
  completed the puzzle, and thus English was
  "activated", and that perhaps the lazy folks
  subconsciously performed the math operations, it
  may well be carrot is simply a popular vegetable.
  Only a controlled, double-blind experiment with
  sufficient power to reject the null hypothesis
  will tell us for sure.

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The Pattern Game

• There is a pattern below
• A EF HI KLMN
• -------------------------------------------------
  
• BCD G J OP
• There is a reason why some letters are above the
  line and some are below the line.
• Figure out the pattern and complete the alphabet.
  

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Common Sense Test

• Q1. How do you put a giraffe into a refrigerator?
  
• Q2. How do you put an elephant into a
  refrigerator?
• Q3. The Lion King is hosting an animal
  conference. All the animals attend, except one.
  Which animal does not attend?
• Q4. There is a river you must cross, but it is
  inhabited by crocodiles. How do you manage it?