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1
Introduction to Surfactants
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Presentation outline

• Basic Surfactant Chemistry
• Surfactant Properties
• Surfactant Classification
• The Applications

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Basic Surfactant Chemistry
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Oil water dont mix !
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Surfactant structure

• The principal role of all the surfactants is
  based on the concept of they being able to make
  miscible the two phases of oil water due to
  their unique structure.
• Surfactants have amphipathic structure ( 2
  distinct structural units).
• Tail or hydrophobic group ? little affinity for
  water this group is usually hydrocarbon (alkyl)
  chain in aqueous solvents the Head or
  hydrophilic group ? strong affinity for water
  can be neutral or charged.
• Surfactants preferentially adsorb at the
  interface i.e. solid/liquid (froth flotation),
  liquid/gas (foams), liquid/liquid (emulsions)
  thus significantly alter the interfacial free
  energy.

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Surfactants at the Solid-Liquid Interface

• Low Concentration

Moderate Concentration
High Concentration
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What is cloud point?
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What is HLB of a surfactant?

• The Hydrophilic-lipophi
  lic balance HLBof a surfactant is a
  
• measure of the degree
  to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic,
  determined by calculating values for the
  different regions of the molecule.

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HLB value significance
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The Properties
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- Wetting- Emulsification - Dispersion /
Solubilisation - Foaming / De-foaming -
Detergency- Conditioning- Substantivity-
Thickening
Properties of
Surfactants
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Wetting
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Emulsification
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Surfactant Classification
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Surfactant classes

• Surfactants are broadly classified into the
  following four groups based on the ionic charges
  they carry
• Anionic surfactants
• Nonionic surfactants
• Cationic surfactants
• Amphoteric surfactants

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Surfactant grouping
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The Applications
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The Applications
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The Applications
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• Equipped with his five senses, man explores
  the universe around him and calls the adventure
  Science. 
• Edwin Powell Hubble