Introducing Biological Principles: Cell Structure

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Introducing Biological PrinciplesCell Structure
Transport
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Characteristics of Life

• 1. Movement
• 2. Respiration
• 3. Sensitivity
• 4. Nutrition
• 5. Excretion
• 6. Reproduction
• 7. Growth

• Move parts of the body
• Producing energy in cells
• Responding to the outside world
• Materials needed from food
• Elimination of waste products
• Producing offspring
• Multiplying cells to increase size

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Cells
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria
Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast
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What are the different parts for?

• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Mitochondria
• Cell wall
• Vacuole
• Chloroplasts

• Controls what the cell does
• Where chemical reactions happen
• Controls what goes in and out
• Carries out respiration
• Cellulose gives support to the cell
• Contains sap to store sugars, etc.
• Contains green chlorophyll for photosynthesis

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Specialised Animal Cells
Sperm cell
Red blood cells
Nerve cell
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Specialised Plant Cells
Root hair
Xylem vessel
Palisade cell
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How are bodies made?
Tissues
Cells
Organs
Tissues
Organs
Systems
Systems
Organisms
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E.g. Sugar diffuses into the water
DIFFUSION
The natural movement of molecules from an area of
high concentration to an area of low
concentration. E.g. Oxygen passes into the blood
from the lungs
Before
After
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Water molecules can pass through but Sugar cannot
Sugar solution
Water
sugar
sugar
sugar
sugar
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Osmosis

• The natural movement of water from an area of
  high concentration to an area of low
  concentration through a selectively permeable
  membrane.
• e.g. water passes into a root hair from the soil
  and from cell to cell through the plant until it
  reaches the xylem.

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Importance of Osmosis in Plants
Plants need water to help support their cells
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Active transport

• When molecules are transported from a low
  concentration to a high concentration using ATP
  (energy).
• E.g. Minerals dissolved in soil water are often
  more dilute than those in the cell sap. Root
  hairs use ATP to take in the minerals needed for
  growth.