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The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment at the
Future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research
(FAIR)
Peter Senger

• Outline
• ? FAIR future center for nuclear and
  hadron physics in Europe
• ? Compressed Baryonic Matter physics
  and observables
• ? Technical challenges, time lines ...

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The FAIR layout
Key features Generation of intense,
high-quality secondary beams of rare isotopes
and antiprotons. Two rings simultaneous beams.
SIS 100 Tm SIS 300 Tm U 35 AGeV p 90 GeV
Cooled antiproton beams up to 15 GeV Charmonium
Spectroscopy, Search for glueballs and
hybrids, Hypernuclear physics, ...
Ion and Laser Induced Plasmas High Energy
Density in Matter
Structure of Nuclei far from Stability
Compressed Baryonic Matter
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States of strongly interacting matter
baryons hadrons partons

Compression heating quark-gluon
plasma (pion production)
Neutron stars
Early universe
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Exploring the phase diagram of strongly
interacting matter
CERN-SPS, RHIC, LHC high temperature, low
baryon density GSI SIS300 moderate
temperature, high baryon density
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Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion
collisions
The critical end point

• CBM physics
• exploring the high density region
• of the QCD phase diagram.
• Search for
• restoration of chiral symmetry
• partonic matter at large µB
• critical endpoint

Dense baryon- dominated matter
Meson- dominated matter
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• Fundamental questions
• ? Equation-of-state at high densities
• supernova dynamics,
• stability of neutron stars
• ? In-medium hadron properties
• chiral symmetry restoration,
• origin of hadron masses?
• ? deconfinement

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Diagnostic probes
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CBM physics topics and observables
1. In-medium modifications of hadrons
? onset of chiral symmetry restoration at high
?B measure ?, ?, ? ? ee-
open charm (D mesons) 2.
Strangeness in matter (strange matter?) ?
enhanced strangeness production ?
measure K, ?, ?, ?, ? 3. Indications for
deconfinement at high ?B ? anomalous
charmonium suppression ? measure
J/?, D ? softening of EOS
measure flow excitation function 4.
Critical point ? event-by-event
fluctuations 5. Color superconductivity
? precursor effects ?
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Looking into the fireball
using penetrating probes short-lived vector
mesons decaying into electron-positron pairs
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Invariant mass of electron-positron pairs from
PbAu at 40 AGeV
CERES Collaboration S.
Damjanovic and K. Filimonov, nucl-ex/0109017
185 pairs!
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Experimental situation Strangeness production
in central AuAu and PbPb collisions
Experimental situation Strangeness enhancement ?
New results from NA49 (CERN Courier Oct. 2003)
SIS 100 300
SIS 100 300
Statistical hadron gas model P. Braun-Munzinger
et al. Nucl. Phys. A 697 (2002) 902
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J/? experiments a count rate estimate
central collisions 25 AGeV AuAu 158 AGeV
PbPb J/?? multiplicity
1.510-5 110-3 beam
intensity 1109/s
2107/s interactions
1107/s (1) 2106/s (10) central
collisions 1106/s
2105/s J/? rate
15/s 200/s 6
J/???ee- (??-) 0.9/s
12/s spill fraction
0.8 0.25
acceptance 0.25
? 0.1 J/? measured
0.17/s ? 0.3/s
? 1105/week
? 1.8105/week
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Charmed mesons
D meson production in pN collisions
Some hadronic decay modes D? (c? 317 ?m) D ?
K0? (2.9?0.26) D ? K-?? (9 ? 0.6) D0 (c?
124.4 ?m) D0 ? K-? (3.9 ? 0.09) D0 ? K-?
? ?- (7.6 ? 0.4)
Measure displaced vertex with resolution of ?
30 µm !
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Experimental challenges
Central AuAu collision at 25 AGeV URQMD
GEANT4 160 p 400 ?- 400 ? 44 K
13 K-

• ? 107 AuAu reactions/sec
• (beam intensities up to 109 ions/sec, 1
  interaction target)
• ? determination of (displaced) vertices with high
  resolution (? 30 ?m)
• ? identification of electrons and hadrons

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The CBM Experiment
? Radiation hard Silicon pixel/strip detectors in
a magnetic dipole field ? Electron detectors
RICH TRD ECAL pion suppression up to 105 ?
Hadron identification RPC, RICH ? Measurement
of photons, p0, ?, and muons electromagn.
calorimeter (ECAL) ? High speed data acquisition
and trigger system
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CBM Collaboration 39 institutions, 14 countries
Croatia RBI, Zagreb Cyprus Nikosia Univ.
  Czech Republic Czech Acad. Science,
Rez Techn. Univ. Prague   France IReS
Strasbourg Germany Univ. Heidelberg, Phys.
Inst. Univ. HD, Kirchhoff Inst. Univ.
Frankfurt Univ. Mannheim Univ. Marburg Univ.
Münster FZ Rossendorf GSI Darmstadt    
Russia CKBM, St. Petersburg IHEP Protvino INR
Troitzk ITEP Moscow KRI, St. Petersburg Kurchatov
Inst., Moscow LHE, JINR Dubna LPP, JINR
Dubna LIT, JINR Dubna Obninsk State Univ. PNPI
Gatchina SINP, Moscow State Univ. St. Petersburg
Polytec. U. Spain Santiago de Compostela Univ.
  Ukraine Shevshenko Univ. , Kiev Univ. of
Kharkov
Hungaria KFKI Budapest Eötvös Univ.
Budapest Korea Korea Univ. Seoul Pusan National
Univ. Norway Univ. Bergen Poland Krakow
Univ. Warsaw Univ. Silesia Univ.
Katowice   Portugal LIP Coimbra Romania NIPNE
Bucharest
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FAIR milestones
FAIR cost (M)
Total 675 Buildings
225.5 SIS100 70.1 SIS200
39.6 Coll. Ring 45.0 NESR
40.0 HESR 45.0 e-ring
15.0 Beamlines 21.0 Cryo, etc
44.1 SFRS 40.7 CBM
27.0 AP 8.7 Plasma
phys. 8.0 p-linac
10.0 PANDA 28.4 pbar targ.
6.9
Oct. 2001 Submission of the
Conceptual Design Report Nov. 2002
Positive evaluation report of
the German science council Feb. 2003
Project approved by the
German federal government
(170 M foreign contributions
requested) Jan. 2004 Letters of intent
submitted Feb. 2004 1. Meeting of
Internat. Steering
Committee (12 nations) June 2004
Evaluation of the LOI,s by PACs Jan 2005
Submission of Technical Reports

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Concept for staged Construction of FAIR
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

SIS18 Upgrade

70 MW Connection
Proton-Linac TDM

General Planning
2,7x1011 /s 238U28 (200 MeV/u) 5x1012 protons
per puls
I
Civil Construction 1
SIS100/200 Tunnel, SIS InjectionExtractionTransf
er
SIS100 Transfer Line SIS18-SIS100 High Energy
Beam Lines
Transfer Buildings/Line Super-FRS, Auxiliary
Bldgs., Transfer Tunnel to SIS18, Building APT,
Super-FRS, CR-Complex RIB HighLow Energy Branch,
II
Civil Construction 2
RIB Prod.-Target, Super-FRS RIB HighLow Energy
Branch Antiproton Prod.-Target CR-Complex
1x1011/s 238U28 (0.4-2.7GeV/u) -gtRIB (50 duty
cycle) 2.5x1013 p (1-30 GeV) 3-30 GeV pbar-gtfixed
target 10.7 GeV/u 238U -gt HADES
III
Civil Construction 3
CBM-Cave, Pbar-Cave, Reinjection SIS100
HESR 4 MV e- Cooling NESR
IV
HESR ( ground level), NESR, AP-cave, e-A
Collider, PP-cave
Civil Construction 4
SIS200 8 MV e- Cooling e-A Collider
1x1012/s 238U28 100 duty cycle pbar cooled p
(1-90 GeV) 35 GeV/u 238U92 NESR physics plasma
physics
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Construction Tunnel Drilling Machine
Civil Construction


Experiment Potential
Civil Construction
Production and Installation
SIS200 installation during SIS100 shut down
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Design of a Silicon Pixel detector
Silicon Tracking System 7 planar layers of
pixels/strips. Vertex tracking by two first pixel
layers at 5 cm and 10 cm downstream target

• Design goals
• low materal budget d lt 200 µm
• single hit resolution lt 20 µm
• radiation hard (dose 1015 neq/cm2)
• fast read out

• Roadmap
• RD on Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS)
• pitch 20 µm
• thickness below 100 µm
• single hit resolution ? 3 µm
• Problem radiation hardness and readout speed
• Fallback solution Hybrid detectors

MIMOSA IV IReS / LEPSI Strasbourg
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Experimental conditions
Hit rates for 107 minimum bias AuAu collisions
at 25 AGeV
Rates of gt 10 kHz/cm2 in large part of detectors
! ? main thrust of our detector design studies
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Design of a high rate RPC

• Design goals
• Time resolution 80 ps
• High rate capability up to 25 kHz/cm2
• Efficiency gt 95
• Large area ? 150 m2
• Long term stability

Prototype test
detector with plastic electrodes (resistivity
109 Ohm cm.) P. Fonte, Coimbra
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Trajectories (3 fluid hydro)
Ivanov Toneev
Hadron gas EOS
Calculations reproduce freeze-out conditions 30
AGeV trajectory close to the critical endpoint
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Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion
collisions
P. Braun-Munzinger
SIS300
baryon density ?B ? 4 ( mT/2?)3/2 x
exp((?B-m)/T) - exp((-?B-m)/T) baryons
- antibaryons
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The experimental program of CBM
Observables p, ?, K, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, D,
J/? (3-diff. cross sect., correlations,
dileptonic decays) exotica strange clusters,
pentaquarks,
Collision systems AA collisions from 8 to 45
(35) AGeV, Z/A0.5 (0.4) pA collisions from
8 to 90 GeV pp collisions from 8 to 90
GeV Beam energies up to 8 AGeV HADES
Accelerator performance Beam energy sufficient
to create high densities High beam intensity and
duty cycle, Excellent beam quality, High
availability
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Design of a fast TRD

• Design goals
• e/p discrimination of gt 100 (p gt 1 GeV/c)
• High rate capability up to 150 kHz/cm2
• Position resolution of about 200 µm
• Large area (? 500 m2, 9 layers)

• Roadmap
• Outer part ALICE TRD
• Inner part
• GEM/MICROMEGAS readout chambers
• Straw tube TRT (ATLAS)
• Fast read-out electronics

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CBM Participation in EU Programmes

• EU FP6 Hadron Physics
• (2004 2006)
• Joint Research Projects (approved)
• Fast gaseous detectors
• Partner INVENTOR, Krakow
• Advanced TOF Systems
• Future DAQ and trigger systems
• (Silesia Univ. Katowice, Univ. Warszawa)
• Network activities (approved)
• CBMnet
• (Silesia Univ. Katowice, Univ. Krakow,
• Univ. Warszawa)

• INTAS-GSI (2004-2005)
• approved projects
• Transition Radiation Detectors
• Straw tube tracker
• (Univ. Tech. Warszawa)
• Resistive Plate Chambers
• Electromagnetic calorimeter
• (Univ. Krakow)

• New call EU FP6
• (opened Nov.03, closed Mar04)
• Design of new facilities
• Construction of new facilities

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CBM RD working packages
Feasibility, Simulations
Design construction of detectors
Data Acquis., Analysis
GEANT4 GSI
Silicon Pixel IReS Strasbourg Frankfurt
Univ., GSI Darmstadt, RBI Zagreb, Univ. Krakow
Fast TRD JINR-LHE, Dubna GSI Darmstadt, Univ.
Münster INFN Frascati
Trigger, DAQ KIP Univ. Heidelberg Univ.
Mannheim GSI Darmstadt JINR-LIT, Dubna Univ.
Bergen KFKI Budapest Silesia Univ. Katowice Univ.
Warsaw
?,?, ? ?ee- Univ. Krakow JINR-LHE Dubna
D ? Kp(p) GSI Darmstadt, Czech Acad. Sci.,
Rez Techn. Univ. Prague
Straw tubes JINR-LPP, Dubna FZ Rossendorf FZ
Jülich Tech. Univ. Warsaw
Silicon Strip SINP Moscow State U. CKBM St.
Petersburg KRI St. Petersburg
J/? ? ee- INR Moscow
Analysis GSI Darmstadt, Heidelberg Univ,
ECAL ITEP Moscow GSI Darmstadt Univ. Krakow
RPC-TOF LIP Coimbra, Univ. Santiago de
Com., Univ. Heidelberg, GSI Darmstadt, Warsaw
Univ. NIPNE Bucharest INR Moscow FZ
Rossendorf IHEP Protvino ITEP Moscow
Hadron ID Heidelberg Univ, Warsaw Univ. Kiev
Univ. NIPNE Bucharest INR Moscow
RICH IHEP Protvino GSI Darmstadt
Tracking KIP Univ. Heidelberg Univ.
Mannheim JINR-LHE Dubna
Magnet JINR-LHE, Dubna GSI Darmstadt
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Mapping the QCD phase diagram with heavy-ion
collisions
P. Braun-Munzinger
SIS300
Net baryon density ?B ? 4 (
mT/2?)3/2 x exp((?B-m)/T) - exp((-?B-m)/T)
baryons - antibaryons
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The Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment

• Challenges
• ? 107 AuAu reactions/sec (300 800 charged
  particles per event)
• ? determination of (displaced) vertices with
  high resolution (? 30 ?m)
• ? identification of hadrons and electrons

CBM Collaboration 38 institutions from 15
countries Letter of Intent
submitted January 2004