Objective 2

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Objective 2TAKS 10th and 11th grades Home
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Questions from TAKS regarding cell functions
Questions from TAKS regarding DNA
Questions from TAKS regarding genetics
Questions from TAKS regarding classification
Questions from TAKS regarding body systems
Interactive non-TAKS quizzes on the internet
Link to 10th grade study guide Scroll to p.265
for objective 2
Link to 11th grade study guide Scroll to p.310
for objective 2
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Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Homeostasis 21 questions over homeostasis
Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Cells- What they do Great interactive animations over cell structures 6 questions over diffusion Great interactive animations over cell transport 7 ques. Cell structure quiz 8 ques. Cellular energy quiz 8 ques. Cell division quiz
Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 DNA/ RNA Interactive DNA replication and protein synthesis animation Tutorial 12.1 Transcription then click on animation Tutorial 12.3 Protein Synthesis 8 questions DNA replication Protein synthesis movie
Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Genetics 25 ques. Genetics quiz Heredity in Families....Pedigree animation Down syndrome animation
Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Kingdoms Bacteria (2) Protists Fungi Animals Plants Box game of D,K,P,C,O,F,G,S.choose Unit 5, Chap. 17 7 ques. Classification quiz 8 ques. Kingdom quiz
Objective 2 31 ques quiz over all of obj. 2 Body systems 8 ques. Body Systems quiz
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Cell functions
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When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean
and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and
bursts. Which of these causes water to enter the
egg? F Coagulation G Sodium pump H Active
transport J Osmosis
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Osmosis is the movement of water through a
membrane from cleaner high concentration to
less clean lower concentration. Ocean water
(because of its salt) is the lower concentration.
Freshwater (less salt) is the high
concentration.
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• 4. Histamine is a polar chemical that can lead to
  an allergic response when it is released by the
  bodys immune system. An antihistamine is a drug
  that can help prevent the allergic reactions
  associated with histamine. An antihistamine is a
  similar molecule to histamine in size, shape, and
  polarity. How does an antihistamine most likely
  prevent the effects of histamine?
• A It increases the diffusion of histamine across
  the membranes of target cells.
• B It binds to histamine receptors on the surfaces
  of target cells.
• C It causes target cells to increase production
  of histamine receptors.
• D It blocks histamine receptors found in the
  cytoplasm of target cells.

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Real histamine
Model histamine
antihistamine
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Which would most likely cause the liquid in Tube
A to rise? F Starch concentrations being equal on
each side of the membrane G Water passing from a
region of lower starch concentration to one of
higher starch concentration H Water and starch
volumes being the same J Solute in the tubes
changing from a higher temperature to a lower
temperature
Starch is a solute.
Osmosis is when cleaner water (in this case
distilled) wants to go through a membrane to
less clean water (in this case,
starchy). Tube B water goes through the
Dialysis membrane toward the Tube A. Water goes
from high concentration to low concentration. Or
if you want to look at it from the solute point
of viewthe water goes from less solute
solution to more solute solution.
The solute (starch) doesnt go through this
membrane.
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The illustration above shows a cell model with
starch solutions both inside and outside the
cell. In which of the following situations will
the solution rise highest in the tube?
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• Which molecule provides most of the energy used
  to drive chemical reactions in cells?
• F DNA
• G RNA
• H ATP
• J ADP

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Energy conversion within an animal cell would be
severely limited by removal of the cells A
mitochondria B chloroplasts C plastids D lysosomes
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Mitochondria use oxygen and sugar to recharge
ADPs into ATPs (cell energy source.)
Animal cells dont have chloroplasts. Plants do.
Animal cells dont have plastids (for
photosynthesis.)
Lysosomes help with digestion of food recycling.
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Why are photosynthesis and cellular respiration
often considered opposites? F Photosynthesis
produces twice as many ATP molecules as cellular
respiration does. G Water is released during
photosynthesis and consumed during cellular
respiration. H Photosynthesis occurs during the
day, and cellular respiration occurs at night. J
Oxygen is produced during photosynthesis and used
during cellular respiration.
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Respiration produces more ATPs than
photosynthesis.
FALSE.
Respiration occurs at all times.
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Which structure regulates gas exchange during the
processes of photosynthesis and respiration? A
Q B R C S D T
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Gases go in here!
O2
CO2
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Amino acids are the units of proteins, Lipids are
fats. Your stomach adds the HCl to the food.
Food provides the human body with all of
the following except F calories G amino acid H
hydrochloric acid J lipids
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DNA molecules separate into single strands, which
are then used to construct two identical strands
of DNA. This process ensures that the A
cytoplasm is in equilibrium B mitochondria are
genetically identical to the chloroplasts C
parent cells use little ATP D daughter cells are
genetically identical to the parent cells
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If a cat has 38 chromosomes in each of its body
cells, how many chromosomes will be in each
daughter cell after mitosis? F 11 G 19 H 38 J 76
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If it said after meiosis then you would half
the number.
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DNA
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In DNA, which of the following determines the
traits of an organism? F Amount of adenine G
Number of sugars H Sequence of nitrogen bases J
Strength of hydrogen bonds
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• Which molecule is most responsible for
• determining an organisms eye color, body
• structure, and cellular enzyme production?
• A Complex starch
• B Fatty acid
• C Carbohydrate
• D Deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA
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• All of the following are found in a DNA
• molecule except
• A carbon dioxide
• B deoxyribose
• C nitrogen
• D phosphate

The sugar of DNA
The As, Ts, Cs, Gs of DNA
Part of the backbone of DNA
The nitrogenous bases of DNA
The rails of the ladder
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Which of the following nucleotide base sequences
complements the section of DNA modeled above? F
5'UTCGCA3' G H 5'GCGATT3' J 5'TTUCGC3'
5'TTAGCG3'
As go to Ts. Cs go to Gs.
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• This chart shows the results of an experiment
  performed in the 1920s using a bacterial species
  that causes pneumonia in humans. The experiment
  involved several procedures using two different
  bacterial strains, R and S. What is a possible
  explanation for the results in Group 2?
• A Living S-strain bacteria can transform into a
  pathogenic form of R-strain bacteria.
• B Living R-strain bacteria are controlled by a
  mouses immune system.
• C Dead S-strain bacteria can cause disease.
• D Dead R-strain bacteria can confer resistance to
  S-strain bacteria.

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Which of the following best describes the
question this set of procedures was designed to
answer? A Can a substance from dead bacteria
transform living bacteria? B Can R bacterial
cells survive heating? C Can dead bacterial cells
confer immunity to a living host? D Can bacterial
cells be isolated from a healthy host?
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 Transcriptionmessenger RNA (m-RNA) copies the
DNA code for the protein that needs to be made.
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• DNA passes information to RNA during the
• process of
• F transcription
• G active transport
• H regeneration
• J osmosis

m -RNA
DNA
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If the template of a strand of DNA is 5'
AGATGCATC 3', the complementary strand will be
F 3' TCTACGTAG 5' G 5' CTACGTAGA 3' H 3'
AGATGCATC 5' J 5' AGACGTCTA 3'
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5' AGATGCATC 3',
Both are DNA. No Us. As go to Ts. Cs
go to Gs.
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Which of these represents the DNA segment from
which this section of mRNA was transcribed? A B
TCUTTG C GAAUCU D UCCTGA
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DNA A T C G mRNA U A G C
ACTAAG
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• The assembly of a messenger RNA strand that
  normally begins with UAC has been changed so that
  the newly assembled messenger RNA strand begins
  with UAG. Which of the following will most likely
  occur?
• A The protein will be missing the first amino
  acid.
• B The amino acids that make up the protein will
  all be different.
• C The mRNA will become attached to a ribosome.
• D The production of the protein will be stopped.

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Home
G
A
A
AGA
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Use this chart for the next question.
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Mutated has one substitution.
normal
The chain above represents three codons. Which of
the following changes would be expected in the
amino acid chain if the mutation shown above
occurred? F The amino acid sequence would be
shorter than expected. G The identity of one
amino acid would change. H The amino acid
sequence would remain unchanged. J The identities
of more than one amino acid would change.
Only if there had been a deletion of 3 or more
letters.
AGA codes for arginine, and ACA codes for
threonine.
AGA codes for arginine, and ACA codes for
threonine.
This can happen when only one or two letters are
added or deleted.
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Mutations in DNA molecules can occur when F
replication of DNA is exact G a DNA enzyme
attaches to an
RNA codon H RNA codons are replaced by
DNA nucleotides J a change occurs in
DNA nucleotide bases
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Replication
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Ultraviolet radiation can cause mutations in the
DNA of skin cells that have been overexposed to
the sun. This mutated DNA has no effect on future
offspring because F changes in skin cell DNA
are homozygous recessive G mutations must occur
within the RNA codons H offspring reject parental
skin cells J only changes to gamete DNA can
be inherited
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Genetics and Heredity
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Dad GgBb and Mom ggBB Definitely mom will
give all offspring a B for green
eyes.
According to the table, which of the following
phenotypes would probably occur in all the
offspring from the parents shown above? F Solid
gray fur G Striped gray fur H Green eyes J Blue
eyes
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• If an organism has the genotype RrSsTtUu, what
  proportion of its gametes will be RSTU?
• ?½,
• ?¼,
• ?1/8,
• ?1/16.

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RrSsTtUu 24 16 Rr 21 2 RrSs
RrSsTt 22 4 23 8
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What is a probable reason why increased uses of
anitbiotics are causing more bacteria to be
resistant to those antibiotics? A The bacteria
get used to an antibiotic. B There are always
individuals in a population that were
created resistant. Those individuals and
their clones are outnumbering the non-resistant
strains.
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A pea plant with the genotype TtWW is crossed
with a pea plant with the genotype ttWw. How many
different genotypes can be expressed in the
offspring? F 1 G 2 H 3 J 4
TW
tW


TtWW ttWW
TtWw ttWw
tW
tw
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What trait will most likely be observed in
all offspring of the above set of parents? A
Green feathers B Yellow feathers C Long beak D
Short beak
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The male will ensure that all the offspring green.
Half the offspring will be carriers for yellow.
Half the offspring will have long beaks but will
be carriers for short.
The other half of the offspring will have short
beaks.
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Coat color in mice varies greatly, ranging from
black to grizzly gray, black-and-white, spotted,
or white. The nucleus from a body cell of a
grizzly-gray mouse is fused with an egg from a
black mouse from which the nucleus has been
removed. The egg begins to divide and is then
transplanted into a female white mouse. What will
be the most likely coat color of the
offspring? F Black G Black with white spots H
Grizzly gray J White
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Egg and sperm from black mice.
Grizzly-gray DNA added
Black mouse fertilized eggs DNA removed.
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The diagram represents the chromosomes of a
person with a genetic disorder caused by
nondisjunction, in which the chromosomes fail to
separate properly. Which chromosome set displays
nondisjunction? F 2 G 8 H 21 J 23
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There should be 2 chromosomes (one from the egg
and one from the sperm) in all the 23 spots.
There are 3 chromosomes instead of two.
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Classification
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The bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, is most closely
related to the F spotted chorus frog,
Pseudacris
clarki G Asian flying frog, Polypedates

leucomystax H northern leopard frog, Rana

pipiens J African bullfrog,
Pyxicephalus
adspersus
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Things in the same genus are related to each
other.
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Which of these classifications is most
specific? A Family B Genus C Phylum D Order
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K, P, C, O, F, G, S
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Dogs (Canis familiaris) are most closely related
genetically to which of the following
organisms? A African hunting dog (Lycaon


pictus) B Gray wolf (Canis lupus) C Grizzly
bear (Ursus arctos) D Domestic cat (Felis catus)
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Organisms in the same genus are closely related.
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A laboratory investigation included examining
prepared slides of pond water. Single-celled
organisms with a nucleus and either cilia or
flagella were visible. These organisms probably
belong to the kingdom F Animalia G Fungi H
Plantae J Protista
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These 3 kingdoms are normally multicellular,
though there are some unicellular fungi, but the
fungi would not have cilia or flagella.
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• One characteristic shared by a virus and a living
  cell is that both
• F store genetic information in nucleic acids
• G have a crystalline structure
• H gain energy directly from the sun
• J use glucose for respiration

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Which of the following factors helps spread
disease-causing bacteria? F Low temperatures G
Access to new hosts H Mutation by heat energy J
Availability of light
Parasites need a method of traveling from one
host to another to continue their species.
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• This organism most likely is a member of
• which kingdom?
• F Eubacteria
• G Protista
• H Animalia
• J Plantae

Single cell with nucleus
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The kingdom Animalia includes all of these except
A jellyfish B sponges C amoebas D roundworms
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Protista
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Multicellular eukaryotes that are usually mobile
and obtain food from other organisms probably
belong to the kingdom A Plantae B Fungi C
Animalia D Protista
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Multicellular, but make their own food.
Multicellular fungi are not mobile.
Unicellular usually.
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Some zooplankton belong to the kingdom Protista.
Members of this kingdom are characterized as A
having segmented bodies with jointed appendages B
containing one or more eukaryotic cells C laying
eggs with a leathery protective shell D having a
four-chambered heart
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Kingdom Protista is mostly unicellular
eukaryotes, with some multicellular plantlike
organisms.
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• Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments,
  such as salt flats, boiling-hot springs, and
  carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because of
  bacterias
• F biochemical diversity
• G small sizes
• H round shapes
• J methods of movement

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Diversity means differences.
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Square cell Nucleus Walls Chloroplasts Big center
vacuole of water.
The cell above most likely belongs to an organism
of the kingdom F Animalia G Plantae H Fungi J
Eubacteria
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Compared to annual rings of trees that have
experienced years of sufficient rainfall,
the annual rings of trees that have experienced a
dry period will F be softer G grow at a faster
rate H be thinner J photosynthesize at a faster
rate
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The diagram illustrates the parts of this flower.
Which of these parts are not directly involved in
sexual reproduction? A Stigma and style B Sepal
and pedicel C Anther and filament D Receptacle
and ovary
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This animal most likely belongs to phylum A
Porifera B Annelida C Mollusca D Arthropoda
This animal is segmented but these
are NOT jointed legs.
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Body systems
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Nutrients from digested food move from the
digestive system directly into the A
circulatory system B integumentary system C
excretory system D endocrine system
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Blood Skin/hair/nails Urine/kidneys Hormones
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Which system of the body would be
directly affected if a large number of T cells
were attacked by a virus? A Cardiovascular
system B Immune system C Endocrine system D
Respiratory system
Blood and heart White blood cells Hormones Breathi
ng/lungs
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• The diagram represents a human arm. Which
  structure is most responsible for moving the arm
  to a straighter position?
• A Tendons of origin
• B Biceps
• C Radius
• D Triceps

When a muscle contracts, it gets shorter.
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A portion of the human excretory system is
represented in the diagram. The order in which
urine flows through the system is F urethra ?
bladder ? ureter ? kidney G ureter ? kidney ?
bladder ? urethra H kidney ? ureter ? bladder ?
urethra J bladder ? urethra ? kidney ? ureter
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Ureter Urethra
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Which structure in the upper arm is responsible
for raising the lower arm? A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
1. Anchor of a muscle.
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2. Tendons of a muscle.
3. Muscle that gets shorter.
4. Anchor of the muscle.
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Your arms and legs are limbs. You extend (move)
your limbs when your muscles contract.
Which of the following is directly caused
by muscle action? F Regeneration of nerves G
Healing of wounds H Release of hormones J
Extension of limbs
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Which system is responsible for producing enzymes
that aid in breaking down substances to be
absorbed for the bodys growth and repair? F
Digestive system G Reproductive system H
Respiratory system J Skeletal system
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Makes food small enough to be absorbed by blood
and needful cells.
Makes gametes and sometimes nourishment for the
young.
Place of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Place of mineral storage, blood cell production,
muscle attachment, protection of organs, means of
mobility.
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• A ruler placed between one students fingers and
  thumb is released without warning. A second
  student catches the ruler. The distance the ruler
  falls is recorded. This experiment is most likely
  designed to determine the
• F effects of stress on the first students heart
  rate
• G acceleration of the ruler during its fall
• H second students reaction time to a stimulus
• J force applied on a falling mass

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The medulla, part of the brain stem, reacts
quickly to increased levels of CO2 in the blood
and stimulates a response from the A excretory
system B immune system C respiratory system D
integumentary system
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The kidneys react to other wastes in blood.
The white blood cells react to pathogens.
The lungs react to the muscles which react to the
brain.
The skin reacts to the hypothalamus(themostat.)
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• Which body system is directly responsible for
  delivering nutrients to cells throughout the
  body?
• A Circulatory system
• B Integumentary system
• C Endocrine system
• D Respiratory system

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All of the following symptoms are likely
associated with bacterial infection except F
skin rashes or lesions G elevated body
temperature H swollen glands or tissues J
increased red blood cell count
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All 3 of these things can happen when you are
fighting a bacterial infection.
You build more white blood cells in response to
infections, NOT red blood cells.
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Endocrine cells of a gland
skeletal cells in a bone
Muscle cells on a bone
In the diagram above, one cell creates
and releases chemicals that travel to a second
cell and quickly induce that cell into action.
This diagram represents part of the A endocrine
system B skeletal system C muscular system D
nervous system
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When a person is frightened by a wild animal,
some organ systems immediately become active,
while others are suppressed. Which of these
systems is likely to be suppressed? F Muscular
system G Respiratory system H Endocrine system J
Digestive system
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Hormones
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