Chapter 21 Energy and Mineral Resources

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Chapter 21 Energy and Mineral Resources
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For class

• Please have these slides filled out from the
  book. For class.

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Renewable and nonrenewable resources

• Renewable resources
• Can be replenished over __________________
• Examples include
• _
• _
• _

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Renewable and nonrenewable resources

• Nonrenewable resources
• Significant deposits take __________ of years to
  form
• Examples
• __-
• _-
• Some resources, such as groundwater, can go in
  either category depending on how they are used

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U.S. energy consumption in 2001
Figure 21.4
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Coal

• Coal
• Formed mostly from ___________
• Along with oil and natural gas, coal is commonly
  called a _______________
• The major fuel used in power plants to generate
  ________________
• Problems with coal use include environmental
  damage from mining and air pollution

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Coal fields of the United States
Figure 21.5
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Oil and natural gas

• Oil and natural gas
• Oil and natural gas, consisting of various
  ___________________________________, are found in
  similar environments
• Derived from the remains _________________________
  ____________________________________
• Formation is complex and not completely
  understood

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Oil and natural gas

• Oil and natural gas
• A geologic environment that allows for
  economically significant amounts of oil and gas
  to accumulate underground is termed
  _______________________________
• Common oil and natural gas _______________________
  ___ include ______________________________________
  ________________________________________

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Common oil traps anticline, fault, salt dome,
and stratigraphic
Figure 21.7
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Oil and natural gas

• Oil and natural gas
• When the cap rock is punctured by drilling, the
  oil and natural gas, which are under
  _____________________, migrate from the
  __________________________ of the reservoir rock
  to the drill hole

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Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels

• Urban air pollution
• Air pollutants are ________________________ and
  gases that occur in concentrations that endanger
  the health of organisms and disrupt the orderly
  functioning of the environment

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Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels

• Two types of pollutants
• Primary pollutants -______________________________
  ____________________________________________Second
  ary pollutants - _________________________________
  _________________________________________

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Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels

• Carbon dioxide and global warming
• Burning fossil fuels produces ____________________
  _____________ which is one of the gases
  responsible for warming the lower atmosphere

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Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels

• Carbon dioxide and global warming
• Greenhouse effect ______________________________
  __________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______________________

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Heating of the atmosphere
Figure 21.9
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Environmental effects of burning fossil fuels

• Carbon dioxide and global warming
• Find definition in your book!

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Tar sands and oil shale

• Tar sands
• Mixtures of clay and sand combined with water and
  ______________ (a viscous tar)
• Several substantial deposits around the world
• Obtaining oil from tar sands has significant
  environmental drawbacks

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Tar sands and oil shale

• Oil shale
• Contains enormous amounts of _____________________
  __________
• Currently, because of world markets and with
  current technologies, not worth mining

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Oil shale in the Green River Formation
Figure 21.13
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Alternate energy sources

• Nearly ____ percent of the worlds energy needs
  are derived from nonrenewable fossil fuels
• Possible alternate energy sources
• _
• _
• _

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Alternate energy sources

• Alternate energy sources
• Possible alternate energy sources
• _
• _
• _

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Mineral resources

• The endowment of useful minerals ultimately
  available commercially
• Mineral resources include
• Reserves - already identified deposits from which
  minerals can be extracted _______________
• As well as known deposits that are not
  economically or technologically recoverable

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Mineral resources

• Mineral resources
• Ore - ____________________________________________
  __________________________________________________
  _______
• To be considered of value, an element must be
  concentrated above the level of its average
  __________________________

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Mineral resources and igneous processes

• Examples of igneous mineral resources
• Magmatic segregation
• __________________________________________________
  _________
• Diamonds
• _________________________________
• Crystals are disseminated in ultramafic rock
  called ___________________________

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Mineral resources and igneous processes

• Hydrothermal solutions
• _
• _
• _

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Hydrothermal deposits often occur with igneous
rocks
Figure 21.21
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Mineral resources and metamorphic rocks

• Many of the most important metamorphic ore
  deposits are produced by contact metamorphism
• _
• _
• _

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Mineral resources and metamorphic rocks

• Regional metamorphism can also generate useful
  deposits
• _
• _

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Weathering and ore deposits

• Secondary enrichment - concentrating metals into
  ____________concentrations
• Bauxite
• Principal ore of ________________
• Forms in _________________________________________
  ________________ from chemical weathering and the
  removal of undesirable elements
  ___________________________

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Bauxite the principal ore of aluminum
Figure 21.26
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Weathering and ore deposits

• Other deposits, such as many _____________________
  _ and _____________________ deposits, result when
  weathering concentrates metals that are deposited
  through a low-grade primary ore

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Placer deposits

• Placer deposits
• Placers ________________________________________
  ___________________________________
• Involve heavy and durable minerals
• Examples include
• __
• _
• _

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Nonmetallic mineral resources

• Use of the word mineral is very broad
• Two common groups
• Building materials
• ___________________
• _____________________
• ____________________

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Table 21.4
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Nonmetallic mineral resources

• Two common groups
• Industrial minerals
• ______________
• ______________
• ______________

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End of Chapter 21