A1260943713xkbWo

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Turkey
David De La O Mike Mesquita Laura Moorhead Victor
Salgado
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The flag of Turkey was officially adopted on June
5, 1936 The white crescent and star, symbols of
Islam, are place slightly to the left on the red
field, and that shade of red dates back to the
Ottoman Empire in the 17th century
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• Roughly rectangular in shape, Turkey occupies an
  area slightly larger than the state of Texas.
  Turkey borders the Aegean Sea and Greece on the
  west Bulgaria on the northwest the Black Sea on
  the north Georgia, Armenia, and the Azerbaijani
  republic of Naxçivan on the northeast Iran on
  the east and Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean
  Sea on the south. Turkeys coastline is extensive
  

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Reasons for Migration

• West German Economic Boom
• Workers were invited to work in West Germany
  through agreement made by German and Turkish
  governments.
• Provide the German economy with temporary
  unskilled labor. guest workers, while thinning
  Turkish unemployment rates.
• Guest workers, surprised authorities by
  settling down in their new countries and bring
  their families to join them.
• Most Turkish families have been living in Germany
  for almost 20 years.
• Children born in Germany meet criteria to become
  German nationals.

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Reasons for Migration

• Political Tension and Persecution
• Turkish militarys fight against Kurdish
  separatism.
• Fighting continues over the right to use the
  Kurdish language and demands for a separate
  Kurdish state.
• More than 500,000 civilians have been forced from
  their homes since the conflict began in the
  1970s.

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Reasons for Migration

• The Turkish government relentlessly attacks the
  Kurdish ethnic identity.
• Kurdish-language broadcasts are not permitted.
• Printed material in Kurdish, while legal, is
  limited
• In the 1990s, almost 340,000 Turkish citizens
  applied for refugee status. Most rejected for
  fraudulent use of the asylum channels
• An undetermined amount of Turkish nationals of
  Kurd decent attempt illegal entry to EU countries
  in search of jobs.

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Turkey Remittances

• Total amount of remittances in 2001 was 2.9
  billion.
• Rank 6th in country remittances

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Turkey Remittances

• Remittances are mainly sent by Germany and the
  United States of America
• The cost of sending 200 from the United States
  of America is 13 with Money Transfer Orders

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Per Capital Income
1995 2759
1996 2900
1997 3080
1998 3255
1999 2878
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Social Structure

• Education determines the social status
• In urban areas the educated people are on one
  side and less educated working class on the other

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Transnationalization

• People from Turkey dress like Europeans and North
  Americans
• Middle and upper class youth are wearing
  internationally famous name-brand clothes and
  shoes determines their social status

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Turkish Families

• The traditional family Three generations living
  together grandfather, adult sons and sons' sons,
  their wives and their unmarried daughters. A
  married daughter becomes a member of her
  husband's family and lives there.

• The father is usually responsible for making the
  basic income, the mother may perhaps contribute
  by working and if not, will assume full-time take
  care of the home. Grandparents may also supply
  help with incomes from their pension or returns
  from owned property and rents.

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• Native born Turks tend to keep close ties with
  their tradition and culture. Foreign born sons
  and daughters, however, abandon their old ways
  and align themselves with western fashions,
  trends, and language creating a barrier between
  generations.

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Migration Paths

• Turkish migrants venture to Western Europe in
  search of job security to provide for their
  families back home.
• Most Turkish migrants find themselves in Germany,
  France, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, of Holland
• Arriving in these areas, Turkish workers are
  faced with language barriers, lack of job skills
  and western culture.

In addition to language barriers, Turkeys deep
rooted faith in Islam presents a culture clash
with Western European tradition.
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Turkish Migration Destinations

• 70 Germany (guest worker program)
• 10 France
• other-Belgium, Austria, The Netherlands, Sweden,
  Switzerland
• Remittances sent back to Turkey-2.8 bil

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Connections to Receiving Countries

• Germany
• Turkey sided with Germany in WWI.
• Turkey remained neutral in WWII but Germany and
  Turkey signed the Treaty of Friendship between
  Germany and Turkey on June 18, 1941
• France
• After WWI France received mandate over Turkey
  after peace agreements. Military presence.

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Turkish Population in Germany
1961 1965 1970 1973 1985 2001
6,500 138,000 470,000 910,500 1.58 mil 2.1 mil

• 1961 Germanys economic boom and began
  recruitment in Turkey to fill hundreds of
  thousands of unfilled jobs in guest worker
  program
• 1973 stopped recruitment. Intention was for
  guest workers to return after a while but Turkish
  pop grew as workers sent back for their families.
  Turkeys economy was poor which prevented
  migrants to return.

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Attaining German Residency

• Turkish workers can get work permit if they live
  in Germany uninterrupted for six years or worked
  five years and paid insurance.
• Children born in Germany have residence right