Nucleic Acids

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Nucleic Acids

• Made of 5 carbon sugars, phosphate groups and
  nitrogen bases.
• Functions carries hereditary information
  (instructions for making proteins!!)
• Functional unit (subunit) nucleotides
• Examples DNA RNA (there are only 2!)

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DNA RNA
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Proteins

• Made of C, H, O, N lots of other elements
• Functions Structure, hormones, communication,
  catalysts
• Functional unit (subunit) amino acids

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• Examples neurotransmitters, enzymes
• Other Info
• 1) Polypeptide chain of amino acids, proteins
  are chains of several polypeptide chains.
• 2 amino acids ? polypeptides ? proteins
• 2) Peptide bonds the bonds between the amino
  aids that make up proteins.

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• 3) There are only about 20 amino acids.
• 4) The shape of a protein determines its
  function. (Shape is determined by the R groups on
  the amino acids)

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Amino acids
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Protein Shapes
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SPECIAL NOTES ABOUT ENZYMES

• Enzymes are special proteins.
• 2) Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions.
  (They are catalysts!)
• 3) Enzymes are VERY specific about the substrate
  they react with.

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• 4) Enzymes are not altered in chemical reactions
  can be reused.
• 5) pH temperature will affect how enzymes work.
• 6) The name of the enzyme usually says what it
  does and usually ends in ase
• (lactase, galactase, DNA polymerase, etc)

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Enzymes at work lock key