A1260825306ihYku

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The Next Revolution in Probes of Nanoscale
Phenomena
Dawn Bonnell The University of Pennsylvania
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A National Science Foundation Supported NSEC
Nano/Bio Interface Center
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Opportunities for Advances in Characterization
Time/Temp
Resolution
Range
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Opportunities for Advances in Characterization
Properties
Structure
Dynamics
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Bridging Biological and Functional Systems
Towards properties at atomic resolution
Functional Oxides
Separating Atomic Lattice and Charge Lattice
PRL 02, APL 03,Nano Letters 05, PRL 05,Nano
Letters 06, Physics Today 08, ACS Nano 2008
PRB 07
Exploiting Ferroelectric Polarization
Molecules at Interfaces
Nano Letters 06, 07, PRL 08
Adv Mat 2008 PRL 2008
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BaTiO3 (100) stability limits
Kolpak, Li, Rappe, Bonnell, PRL 2008
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Functional Imaging What are the limits?
Davis group, Bonnell group, Morita group,
Hartmann group, Eguchi et al, Bonnell Group, Cho
Group, Kalinin Group
Bonnell, ACS Nano Sept 2008
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Probing Continuum Properties at High Spatial
Resolution
Resistance/conductance at the Angstrom
level Interface contact resistance of single
molecule layer Dielectric function of molecular
monolayer 2nd harmonic of electrostatic
force 3rd,4th harmonics in near field scattered
light Piezo response at pm sensitivity and nm
resolution 3-D tracking of single molecule
dynamics 3-D Imaging of internal structure
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Probing Continuum Properties at High Spatial
Resolution
Resistance/conductance at the Angstrom
level Interface contact resistance of single
molecule layer Dielectric function of molecular
monolayer 2nd harmonic of electrostatic
force 3rd,4th harmonics in near field scattered
light Piezo response at pm sensitivity and nm
resolution 3-D tracking of single molecule
dynamics 3-D Imaging of internal structure
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Ultimate Spatial Resolution Limits of Continuum
Properties
Conductance of 1.2 nm HfO films on Si 2-5 pA
at 0.5-1.5V
APL 2009
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Stress as a field focusing mechanism
APL 2009
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Injection barriers, defect energies and DoS
at sub nm resolution
Density of states
Defect energies
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Contact Potential and Molecular
Orientation Dielectric Function of Single
Molecule Layers
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Dependence of Contact Potential at
Molecule-Electrode on Interfaces Molecular
Orientation
Nikiforov, et al NanoLetters 2007
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Local Properties of Molecular Interfaces porp
hyrin on HOPG

• 5,15-bis(2,6-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl)
  porphyrin assembles into two structures on
  graphite
• Ring is parallel to the surface
• Ring is perpendicular to the surface

Molecular structures determined by nc-AFM F0
180 kHz, Df 150 Hz, Black-to-white contrast 0.04
nm (a), 0.05 nm (c), and T 80 K.
Nikiforov, Schnaider, Zerwek, Park, Therein, Eng,
Bonnell NanoLetters 2007
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Extracting Dielectric Properties of Molecular
Layers
Ex Higher harmonics
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Spatially Resolved Dielectric Function Scattering
near field
Nikiforov, et al 2008
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Contact Potential and Molecular
Orientation Dielectric Function of Single
Molecule Layers
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Phaseless 3D Optical NanoimagingA.A. Govyadinov,
G.Y. Panasyuk, J.C. Schotland
Conventional Optics
? Can not image nanostructures
Near-Field Optics

• Images nanostructures at the surface

? Can not image the interior
?
?
?
?
?
Physical Review Letters 103, 213901 (2009)
Physical Review Focus 24, story 18 (2009)
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Phaseless 3D Optical NanoimagingA.A. Govyadinov,
G.Y. Panasyuk, J.C. Schotland

• Subwavelength resolution in three dimensions
• No phase controlled illumination or phase
  measurements, only power
• Recover both real and imaginary parts of
  complex-valued susceptibility

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Functional Imaging What are the limits?
Davis group, Bonnell group, Morita group,
Hartmann group, Eguchi et al, Bonnell Group, Cho
Group, Kalinin Group
Bonnell, ACS Nano Sept 2008
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Properties
Structure
Dynamics
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Properties
Conductance/impedance/capacitance Piezoelectricity
/ferroelectricity/ferromagnitism Dielectric
function Mech. force/strain Absorption Bond
vibration phonons
Structure
Spatial resolution In situ imaging in
liquid in cells 3-D internal structure optical
tomography electron holography
Mins secs m secs nano secs femto
secs
Dynamics
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Morphology evolution Domain wall motion Atomic
diffusion Activation energies
Properties
Structure
Dynamics
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Scanning Probe Microscopies
Properties
Structure
3-D
In situ
Resolution
Dynamics
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Spectroscopies SERS absorption fluorescence ED
XS UPS etc
Properties
Structure
Dynamics
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Properties
Structure
s
3-D
In situ
Resolution
Dynamics
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Properties
Structure
s
Dynamics
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The Next Revolution
Properties
Conductance/impedance/capacitance Piezoelectricity
/ferroelectricity/ferromagnitism Dielectric
function Mech. force/strain Absorption Bond
vibration phonons
Structure
Spatial resolution In situ imaging in
liquid in cells 3-D internal structure optical
tomography electron holography
Mins secs m secs nano secs femto
secs
Dynamics
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Global Networking
A seed group of investigators from England,
Korea, Germany, and 8 institutions in the US met
in 2006 at a workshop at Penn to outline the
mission and initial project goals The site has
found immediate use in facilitating outcomes of
an EU/US joint commission workshop (Ispara, Italy
June 2008) on nanobiotechnology and by the US
DoE. Monthly live forums engage members from 72
countries Probe Pedia
www.nanoprobenetwork.org
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International Community
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Multiple Modulation SPM An Oscillating
Electrical Signal
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Properties
Structure
3-D
In situ
Resolution
Dynamics
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Properties
Structure
Dynamics
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Properties
Structure
Time resolution