Biology Project(Pollution)

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Biology Project(Pollution)

• Presented by
• Lee Kwan Yeung
• Ho Wai Kit
• Ma Sui Long
• Wong Ka Lok
• Chan Tak Ho
• Wong Kin Yan

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Content

• The definition of pollution
• The general definition
• The definition about land pollutions
• The cause of the pollution
• The causes of soil erosion
• Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong
• The economic lose cause by the pollution
• Rubbish
• Landfill
• The spending on solving the land pollution
• The damage cause by the pollution
• The damage of the soil erosion
• The problem cause by the landfill side
• The method to solve the pollution

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What is pollution??

• Pollution is the release of environmental
  pollutants.
• The major forms of pollution include
• Air pollution The release of chemicals and
  particulates into the atmosphere.
• Water pollution The large set of adverse effects
  upon water (lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater)
  caused by human activities.
• Noise pollution The displeasing human- or
  machine-created sound that disrupts the
  environment.
• Land pollution The presence of man made
  chemicals or other alteration to the natural soil
  environment.

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What is land pollution??
Land pollution occurs when there is some chemical
leak to the soil which cause harm to the
soil Like other pollution, human have already
give out land pollutant since the history began.
At that time it wasnt very affect the
ecosystem However, starting for 20th century,
human are able to create a lot of chemical. These
chemical is harmful the ecosystem. So we have to
reduce the land pollution now
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The causes of soil erosion

• This happens in many ways
• draining of fens and bogs
• the introduction and intensification of
  agriculture.
• Over farming of the agricultural land
• Chemical fertilizers change the water holding
  capacity
• All this
• lower the stability
• makes soil more mobile
• More easy to be corroded by wind and water.

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Sources of Land Pollution in Hong Kong
Hong Kong generates different types of wastes
everyday .Some common wastes including
construction wastes ,chemical wastes ,Municipal
Solid Wastes .Others like clinical wastes etc.
These wastes will pollute the lands seriously .
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The vast majority of the wastes in Hong Kong are
mainly come from households ,industries and
commercial areas .All these wastes will transfer
to different landfill sites in Hong Kong .The
landfill sites in Hong Kong are almost running
out .
According to Environmental Protection Department
(EPD)s statistical result, the quantities of
major types of solid waste disposed of in
1991-2005 are shown below
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Others wastes like construction wastes , chemical
wastes etc. are also a main source of land
pollution in Hong Kong .So ,we need to do
something to solve the problem of running out of
landfill sites and the problem of the serious
land pollution in Hong Kong .
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The economic lose cause by the pollution
Rubbish
according to the information in 2003 from
EPD 17760metric ton is being handled
everyday the government needs to spend 7million
to handle the rubbish everyday therefore,
1.5billion is spent each year
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Landfill
in order to solve the rubbish problem , the
government build up many landfills to handle the
rubbish the cost of construction and operation
on landfills is 125 dollars per metric ton In
2002, 7.7 billions metric ton of rubbish had been
handled. until now, 9 billions has been spent
for construct and operation on landfills
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The spending on solving the land pollution
The suggestion from DAB party, in order to solve
the rubbish problem, the government needs to
spend 6.28 billion to overcome it although the
government can get profit after a decade,
disposal of the waste need 6.28billion Hong Kong
dollar .From this, we can know that the land
pollution in HK is very serious and causes huge
economic loss
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The damage cause by soil erosion

• This happens in many ways
• More land become desert
• Make the living things loss their habitat
• Great decrease in the number of living organism
• A lot of organism extinct
• Affect the climate

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What are the problems caused by the landfill
sites???

1. Fire and explosion
2. Inhalation of toxic gases
3. Disease carried by the insect
4. Cause water pollution
5. Damage to plant and wildlife habitats
6. Decrease of living standard of the nearby people
7. Waste land rescouces

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Solution of land pollution
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Recycling of plastic

• Disposal of plastics by way of landfill or
  incineration is a waste of useful resources.
  Such wastage may be reduced by recycling.
• Direct recycling

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Advantages of direct recycling

• Reduces air pollution due to the incineration of
  plastics
• 2. Less dumping area is required and therefore
  saves more lands for other uses.
• 3. Reduces the use of petroleum.

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4Rs Method

• Reuse or recycling of paper
• - Waste paper is recycled to produce
  corrugated cardboard and paper board.
• - Recycling of paper can help to minimize
  waste and save resources, especially the tree.

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• Reuse or Recycling of metals.
• - Some metal articles, such as furniture,
  kitchen ware, aluminium foils, etc. can be
  reused.
• - Metal wastes can be recycled by melting and
  using them again.
• - Recycling of metals is important because
  mineral resources are limited but they are high
  demand.
• Reduce solid waste
• e.g. newspaper , aluminium cans, glass
  containers and certain plastic items

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Computer Pollutant
?Some material inside the computer such as Lead
,will pollute the land. Then will cause other
ecological problems ?The computer will become
outdate very fast ( about three years) It means
the number of electronic wastes are increasing. .
The size of computer is big and uses up many
spaces

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Plastic pollutant
?Plastics are not digestible . The plastics will
not decompose under the sunlight. Therefore,
they can last for a long period in the
environment. ?Some plastic products, such as tire
is very big. It used up many spaces .Also, the
use of plastic products are very high and cause
land pollution. ?It is expensive and difficult
to recycle the plastics .
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The end