Yoshio Asuma

1
Severe Winds Associated with Typhoon 200418
around Hokkaido, Japan

• Yoshio Asuma
• Hokkaido University

2
Severe Gust Winds hit to Western Hokkaido
associated with Typhoon 0418 (SONGDA)
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TYPHOON 0418 (SONGDA)
TYPHOON 0418 TRACK and CENTRAL SLP
TYPHOON in 2004
Severe Gust Winds
29 Typhoons in total appeared in 2004. 10 of
them hit to Japan. Most of the severe damages
occurred in southern Japan and main land
(Honshu). But Typhoon 0418 (Songda) brought
severe winds and severe damages to Hokkaido.
9 people were killed, 121 people were injured and
51.2 billion yens (47 million US dollars)
only in Hokkaido.
Severe Gust Winds
4
Data Sources JMA Weather Charts JMA Typhoon
Best Track Data GOES-9 Satellite Images (Kochi
Univ. Web Site) VISIRWV JMA Upper Air
Sounding Data (Sapporo, Wakkanai, Nemuro,
Misawa) JMA Automated Measuring Data
Acquisition System (AMeDAS) JMA Weather Station
Data JMA 1.3GHz Wind Profiler
(Rumoi) Meso-scale Model Analyses PSU-NCAR mm5
ver. 3.7.1 JMA Objectively Analyzed Global
Dataset (GANAL) QuikSCAT Sea Surface Wind
(Remote Sensing Systems Web Site)
5
21JST (12UTC) 07 SEP. 2004
6
03JST 08 SEP. (18UTC 07 SEP.) 2004
7
09JST (00UTC) 08 SEP. 2004
8
21JST (12UTC) 7 SEP. 2004
09JST (00UTC) 8 SEP. 2004
500hPa
500hPa
SURFACE
SURFACE
9
09JST (00UTC) 08 SEP. 2004 T, Td WIND
WAKKANAI
NEMURO
THICK SOLID LINE T SOLID LINE Td
SAPPORO
MISAWA
10
09JST (00UTC) 08 SEP. 2004 ?, ?e, ?e T, RH WIND
WAKKANAI
NEMURO
LEFT PANEL BLACK SOLID LINE ? RED SOLID
LINE ?e BLUE SOLID LINE ?e RIGHT PANEL BLACK
SOLID LINE T BLUE SOLID LINE RH
SAPPORO
MISAWA
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SAPPORO
WIND, T, Td, PRESS. RAINFALL RATE, RAIN SENSE
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JMA AMeDAS
GOES-9 VS
GOES-9 IR
GOES-9 WV
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1.3GHz WIND PROFILER SNR, WIND, W
10 MIN. INTERVAL DATA
RUMOI
JST UTC 9hours
14
1.3GHz WIND PROFILER PEAK POWER, W, WIDTH
1 MIN. INTERVAL DATA
RUMOI
JST UTC 9hours
15
Severe Gust Winds in Southwestern
Hokkaido Typhoon 200418
Short-wave Trough Upper-level Jet Dry
Intrusion Typhoon Clouds
Surface Severe Gust Winds
Conditionally Unstable Condition Cloud
Evaporation Topography
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• mm5 (The PSU/NCAR mesoscale model ver. 3.71)
• 3 nested domains (two-way)
• Vertical 23 ?-levels
• Domain 1 resolution 27km, grid size 90?100
• Domain 2 resolution 9km, grid size 181?181
• Domain 3 resolution 3km, grid size 301?301
• ? Cumulus parameterization
• Domain 1 Grell cumulus parameterization
• Domain 2 Grell cumulus parameterization
• Domain 3 None cumulus parameterization
• ? Microphysics
• Resiner graupel explicit moisture scheme
  (Resiner 2)
• ? Planetary boundary layer
• MRF PBL scheme
• ? Initial and boundary data
• JMA global objectively analyzed dataset (GANAL)
• 00, 06, 12, 18UTC

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DATASET GANAL INITIAL 00UTC (09JST) 07 SEP.
2004 12hrs nudging
Wind 3D Grid Nudging
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VERIFICATION SEA SURFACE WIND
mm5 Output
QuikSCAT
20UTC 7 SEP. 2004
1948UTC 7 SEP. 2004
19
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 WIND Z WS
500hPa
SFC
20
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 WIND Z PV
500hPa
SFC
21
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 WIND Z RH
500hPa
SFC
22
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 WIND Z ?
500hPa
SFC
23
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 SLP ADV ? WIND
300 - 500hPa
COLOR ADV ? between 300 and 500hPa
500 - 1000hPa
COLOR ADV ? between 500 and 1000hPa
24
(03JST 8)
(09JST 8)
mm5 WIND SLP AV. ? WIND
300 - 500hPa
COLOR MEAN ? (THICKNESS) between 300 and
500hPa RED ARROW 300hPa Wind BLACK ARROW 500hPa
WIND
THERMAL WIND RED ARROW BLACK ARROW
COLOR MEAN ? (THICKNESS) between 500 and
1000hPa RED ARROW 500hPa Wind BLACK ARROW SFC
WIND
500 - 1000hPa
25
mm5 T, Td, WIND
WAKKANAI
NEMURO
THICK SOLID LINE T SOLID LINE Td
00UTC 8 SEP. 2004 (09JST)
SAPPORO
MISAWA
26
OBS. T, Td, WIND
WAKKANAI
NEMURO
THICK SOLID LINE T SOLID LINE Td
00UTC 8 SEP. 2004 (09JST)
SAPPORO
MISAWA
27
mm5
SFC WIND, SLP
?, SLP, SFC WIND
00UTC 8 SEP. 2004 (09JST)
SFC STREAMLINE
28
mm5 (ALONG SFC WIND DIRECTION at SAPPORO)
00UTC (09JST) 8 SEP. 2004
W, WIND
WIND
ARROW ALONG WIND COLOR CROSS WIND THIN LINE
WIND SPEED lt 40m/s THICK LINE WIND SPEED gt 40m/s
ARROW ALONG WIND THIN LINE CROSS WIND THICK
LINE WIND SPEED gt 40m/s COLOR W
N-S
N-S
29
mm5 (ALONG SFC WIND DIRECTION at SAPPORO)
00UTC (09JST) 8 SEP. 2004
?, d?/dz
?e, d?e/dz
THIN LINE ? COLOR d?/dz THICK LINE WIND SPEED
gt 40m/s
THIN LINE ?e COLOR d?e/dz THICK LINE WIND
SPEED gt 40m/s
N-S
N-S
30
mm5 (ALONG SFC WIND DIRECTION at SAPPORO)
00UTC (09JST) 8 SEP. 2004
RH, WIND
?, VAPOR, WIND
ARROW ALONG WIND THIN LINE CROSS WIND THICK
LINE WIND SPEED gt 40m/s COLOR RH
THIN LINE ? THICK LINE WIND SPEED gt
40m/s COLOR VAPOR
N-S
N-S
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mm5 (ALONG SFC WIND DIRECTION at SAPPORO)
00UTC (09JST) 8 SEP. 2004
CLOUD WATER, WIND
RAIN WATER, WIND
ARROW ALONG WIND THIN LINE CROSS WIND THICK
LINE WIND SPEED gt 40m/s COLOR CLOUD WATER
ARROW ALONG WIND THIN LINE CROSS WIND THICK
LINE WIND SPEED gt 40m/s COLOR RAIN WATER
N-S
N-S
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Conclusion Severe Gust Winds associated with
Typhoon 0418 (Songda) hit Hokkaido on 8 September
2004. Their synoptic conditions and severe winds
were analyzed with GOES-9 Satellite, JMA weather
charts, station data, upper air data, 1.3GHz wind
profiler and PSU-NCAR mm5. Typhoon 0418
quickly changed its structure by the dry air
intrusion (dry intrusion) associated with
upper level trough and jet over the Sea of
Japan in the mid-night of the 7th. Winds were
strengthen to satisfy the thermal wind relation
ship. Severe gust winds were observed in the
western Hokkaido. Upper level atmospheric
stabilities were stable due to the dry intrusion.
Lower level stabilities were conditionally
neutral and unstable. Mm5 simulated
environmental conditions well and down slope
winds. But surface sever gust winds may not
simulate well. Observational evidences were
suggested the cooling by evaporation of
hydrometers were important for producing severe
Gust Winds.