Tuberculosis Mycobacterium Tubercle

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TuberculosisMycobacterium Tubercle

• By
• Jessie
• Mavelyn

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Definition

• Often called TB.
• An infectious, inflammatory disease
• Commonly affects the lungs
• May also occur to any part of the body

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History

• Belongs to a genus group of mycobacterium
• Discovered by a German Physician named Robert
  Koch in 1882
• 8 million people developed active TB every year
• Someone dies every 10 seconds
• Can infect between 10-15 people in a year

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Morphology

• Capable of surviving for months in dried sputum
• They must have oxygen in order to live
• It is a rod shaped bacteria called Tubercle
  Bacilli
• It is destroyed by boiling for 5 minutes, by
  autoclaving, by contact with coal tar
  preparations and by ultraviolet radiation.

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Infection

• By inhaling tiny droplets of moisture that
  contain mycobacterium tuberculosis
• It is formed when a person coughs or sneezes

• Infection can also result from eating food
  contaminated with bacteria
• Drinking milk from cattle infected with
  Mycobacterium Bovis
• Commonly affects the lungs and can also afflict
  animals.

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Symptoms

• loss of energy
• poor appetite
• loss of weight
• fever
• cough
• expectoration of purulent sputum
• night sweats
• hemorrhage from the lungs

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Diagnosis

• Skin test
• Chest x-rays
• Laboratory Test

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Treatment

• The first effective was provided by health
  resorts called Sanitariums.
• Can be treated successfully with drugs
• Isoniazid is the most effective anti-tuberculosis
  drug.
• Usually administered in combination with
  Streptomycin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol.

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Prevention

• Isoniazid prevents most detected tuberculosis
  infection.
• A vaccine called BCG (Bacillus Calmete-Guerin)
  has been used to prevent TB.
• Best precautions are good health, avoidance of
  unnecessary exposure to TB organism and detection
  of the disease.