Building A Nation

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Building A Nation

• Instructor Carol Jean Cox

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• WAR OF 1812
• War Hawks, issues, highlights outcome
• Builds sense of national pride
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• Good relationships between U.S. Britain after
  war
• Demilitarization of Great Lakes
• (Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817)
• American fishing rights/Canadian waters 1818
• 49th parallel from head of Mississippi to Rockies
• Joint occupation of Oregon country

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BUILDING A NATION

• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• Good relationships between U.S. Britain after
  war
• Annexation of Florida in 1819 for 5
  million from Spain
• Establishment of Boundaries
• Transcontinental Treaty - defined boundary of
  U.S. Spanish
• Gulf of Mexico/west boundary of Louisiana
• west north to Rockies/
• west along 42nd parallel

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• America's diplomatic position
• American continents no longer open to
  colonization by European powers.
• Warning against any interference by European
  powers into the revolutionary powers of Latin
  America
• The American continents henceforth are not to be
  considered as subjects for future
  colonization by any European Powers
• James Monroe

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• John Quincy Adams 1824-1828
• National Republican Party
• "Bargain Corruption
• Clay's American System (N.E. Ohio River Valley)
• Democratic Republican Party
• Jackson, Calhoun Martin Van Buren

John Quincy Adams
Henry Clay
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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• Jacksonian Democracy
• Popular Sovereignty
• Politicians promised voters what they wanted
• Strong support of the Labor movement

Andrew Jackson Travels to Washington (Library of
Congress)
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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• JACKSON 1828-1836
• Jackson - the people's man
• vigorous leadership
• egalitarian
• any honest citizen can represent in government
• the people themselves should decide on public
  policy
• "spoils system"
• offices given as a reward for their support
• POPULAR WILL -----gt PUBLIC POLICY

The Election of 1828
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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• JACKSON 1828-1836 (con't)
• Neo Jeffersonian ideas
• sought to unite southern planters N.E.
• agrarian mindedness
• Jackson's Policies
• Pay off the National Debt
• Against internal improvements programs
• Pro-Central Government

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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• JACKSON 1828-1836 (con't)
• Nullification Controversy 1828
• 1. Constitution - a compact among states
• 2. Federal government given clearly defined
  powers
• 3. States were judges of powers of constitution
• 4. States could declare null and void
  any laws not stated in constitution
• 5. Federal Government must stop
  performing laws until 3/4 states granted it
  the nullified power

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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• JACKSON 1828-1836 (con't)
• Force Act
• Central government can use force to uphold
  laws
• Jackson threatens South Carolina
• Anti-Bank ... The Bank War
• Jackson versus second U.S. Bank
• declared bank unconstitutional
• surplus funds placed in pet banks

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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• JACKSON 1828-1836 (con't)
• Anti-Bank ... The Bank War
• Jackson stopped deposits to BUS
• Put money in pet banks
• BUS calls in debts to pay bills
• leads to bank failures
• Jackson government declared that lands must
  be paid with hard currency
• Depression Panic of 1837 leads to banking
  reforms

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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• Martin Van Buren 1836-1840
• Two Party System
• Whigs versus Democrats
• Depression
• factories closed - riots
• larger banks no longer accept specie
• worthless paper money
• Van Buren blames banks
• less government to interfere with private
  pursuits

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BUILDING A NATION

• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824 - 1840
• Tippecanoe Tyler too! 1840-1844
• William Henry Harrison - symbol
• no political record
• political packaging
• Clay planning to control
• W.H.H. death
• John Tyler - disowned by party
• against bank
• Whig party disintegrates in south
• Webster Ashburton Treaty

William Henry Harrison (Library of Congress)
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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• Cotton Belt from North Carolina to Louisiana
• 18th century machinery to manufacture cotton
  cloth cheaply
• difficulty of separating fibers from the seeds
• Eli Whitney 1793 (Cotton Gin)
• Spectacular Expansion of Cotton in 19th century
• production 146,000 bales in 1814
• 349,000 bales in 1819

The Cotton Gin (National Archives)
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BUILDING A NATION

• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• spectacular expansion of cotton
• Tobacco cultivation lags after Revolution
• new tobacco belts in Kentucky/Tennessee/Missouri
• Rice in South Carolina Georgia
• Sugar plantations in LA
• Wheat Pennsylvania to Ohio, Indiana, Illinois
• Fruits, vegetables,. poultry/dairy, wool in
  New England.
• Corn, flour, pork, beef throughout states

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE MARKET REVOLUTION
• Three stages in the development of the American
  economy
• a staple exporting economy
• (tobacco, grain etc. for overseas)
• carrying trade (merchants)
• self sufficiency in economic activities
• Trends
• Exporting economy of 18th cent. --gt trading
  economy --gtnational market economy
• diversity --gt specialty
• limited local trade --gt national market system
• gains in efficiency/productivity --gt rapid growth

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE MARKET REVOLUTION
• Four Year Boom 1815 - 1818
• Boom/Bust Cycles
• Internal Trade Cycle Established
• None of this trade possible without the ability
  to transport bulky products from one part of
  the country to another

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
• Turnpikes -
• Steamboat -
• Canals -
• Railroads
• Enterprise/Public Policy
• " MIXED ENTERPRISE" to accomplish ends
  beneficial to public
• The Turnpike, Steamboat, Railroad Companies
  were the forerunners the modern corporation

Robert Fulton
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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Trends Agriculture --gt Manufacturing Rural
  ----gt Urban
• 90 farmers (colonial)
• 97 non-farmers(today)
• Importance of machines
• Power to propel new machines
• water--gt steam --gt coal --gt electricity
• Factory system
• replaced skilled craftsmen
• mass production
• mostly women children
• no assembly line until 1900's

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BUILDING A NATION

• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• Trends
• Importance of machines
• Factory system
• Inventors Industry resources
• national resources, capital labor
• Tariffs to support domestic industries
• Tariff of 1816 - foreign importation that
  competed with American manufacture cotton,
  woolen cloth iron - import duties of
  20-25
• additional tariffs in 1818 1819 (wool iron)

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BUILDING A NATION

• NATIONALISM. . . . factors contributing to it
• Monroe Doctrine
• Marshall's Court Decisions
• Clay's American System
• National Markets

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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BUILDING A NATION

• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS
• Utopian Age
• Americans love the new pursuit of money, of
  individualism, in which relationships
  constantly change
• A cultural development of the United States
  that grew out18th century Enlightenment
• Romanticism
• a new configuration of ideas/attitudes
• world designed for man's happiness
• emphasized man's ability

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BUILDING A NATION

• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS
• Romanticism
• OPTIMISM INDIVIDUALISM
• A reaction against Enlightenment's mechanical
  view of the natural world with its emphasis
  on intellect
• Romanticism distrusted intellect, valued
  EMOTION INTUITION

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BUILDING A NATION

• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS
• Romantic Movements
• TRANSCENDENTALISM - to rise above reason
• Ralph Waldo Emerson
• James Fenimore Cooper
• Herman Melville
• ROMANTIC CHRISTIANITY
• increasingly self-reliant, optimistic/individualis
  tic
• GREAT REVIVAL OF 1800-1825
• Love is the essence of Christian Life

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BUILDING A NATION

• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS
• Romantic Movements
• UTOPIANISM "communities without sin"
• Religious Utopians
• Shakers - celibacy
• Oneida, N.Y. - complex marraige
• Mormons - polygamy
• Secular Utopians
• New Harmony, Indiana
• Brook Farm, MA
• Fouriersts - creation of phalanzes

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BUILDING A NATION

• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS
• Feminist Movement
• Declaration of Sentiments
• All men and women are created equal

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BUILDING A NATION

• THE WAR OF 1812
• ERA OF GOOD FEELINGS 1815-1824
• MONROE DOCTRINE 1823
• JACKSONIAN ERA 1824-1840
• COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE
• MARKET REVOLUTION
• TRANSPORTATION INNOVATIONS
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• ROMANTICISM AND REFORMS

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Building A Nation

• Instructor Carol Jean Cox