Project 01C-1

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Ligurian Sea Calibration Cruises (Oct 2008 Mar
2009) Charles Trees and Guiliana Pennucci
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OBJECTIVES

• NASA/SORTIE
• Substantial improvements could be made in the
  uncertainty associated with VC2 of ocean color
  sensors by combining hyperspectral AOP and
  hyperspectral IOP measurements in oligotrophic
  and coastal areas, with RT modeling.
• Satlantic HyperPRO II was proposed as a portable
  radiometer of radiometric uncertainty comparable
  to that demonstrated by MOBY.
• ESA
• Comparison of Boussole with MOBY using 3 HyperPRO
  II radiometers.
• Continue collection of AOPs and IOPs to validate
  atmospheric correction algorithms and derived
  product retrievals.
• NURC
• To generate reliability indices for remotely
  sensed geophysical parameters and how these
  uncertainties propagate through models and
  finally to Tactical Decision Aids.

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WHY THE LIGURIAN SEA?
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PARTICIPANTS
BP 09
Chuck Trees - 2 HyperPRO, AC-s, fluor
chls Crsytal Thomas - HPLC Oscar Schofield -
Slocum Gliders Kevin Mahoney - Slocum Glider Matt
Slivkoff - DALEC (RRS) Ken Voss - NuRADS
DPOL Scott McLean - HyperPRO, RadCam, SkyCam Mike
Twardowski - MASCOT, DOLPHIN Bob Arnone - VSM,
RSR Mike Lee (UKR) - MVSM David Antoine - VSM,
RADS Camera Taka Hirata (GBR) - Flow Cyto,
Coulter Counter Giuseppe Zibordi -
MultiPRO, IOP Profiler, TSM, HPLC,
aps. Susanne Craig - RT Modeling, aps Andrew
Barnard Ron Zaneveld - RT Modeling
Chuck Trees - 2 HyperPRO, AC-s, ScanFish,
fluor chls Crsytal Thomas - HPLC David McKee
(GBR) - IOP Profiler, CDOM, aps Ruidger
Rottgers (DEU) - PHICAM Oscar Schofield - Slocum
Gliders Ken Voss - NuRADS DPOL Kevin Ruddick
Griet Neukermans (BEL) MUMM (RRS), TSM Ewa
Kwiatkowswka (NLD) - Satellite/in situ
match-ups Giuseppe Zibordi - MultiPRO, IOP
Profiler, TSM, HPLC, aps. Alex Chekalyuk -
ALF Heidi Dierssen - RT Modeling Andrew Barnard
Ron Zaneveld - RT Modeling
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LSCV-08 Cruise (Oct 08)
The cruise, stations selection criteria

• Cloud Cover
• Sea State
• Coastal Areas
• Optical Signals
• Frontal Boundaries
• Boussole Mooring
• Satellite Overpasses

Alliance tracks
28 January 2009, ASLO, Nice, France
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26 Oct 08, Confirmed Match-ups
SeaWiFS h 1244 (Chl)
MODIS h 1235, nLw(531)
NOAA-18 h 1213, (SST)
MODIS True color
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BP09 Stations (Mar 09)
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Remote Sensing Overpasses(BP09)
MERIS
MODIS
GeoEye
Aircraft
DAY
1145 and 1323 1214 1311 1216 1259 1204 124
7 1152 and 1329 1235 1139 and
1317 1222 1305 1210 1253
100825 093657 101406 094240 101946 09
4825 102527 095410 103107 095953
2009-03-13 2009-03-14 2009-03-15 2009-03-16
2009-03-17 2009-03-18 2009-03-19 2009-03-20 200
9-03-21 2009-03-22 2009-03-23 2009-03-24 2009-03
-25 2009-03-26
1100-1300
1007
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MODIS IMAGERY BP09
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GeoEye (ORBIMAGE)
Day 22 Mar 09Time 1007 GMTCloud Cover 0
Sun Az 152.16 deg Sun El 43.28 deg
Multispectral (4 channels)Resolution 1.99 meters
Panchromatic (1 channel)Resolution 0.50 m
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Slocum Gliders (LSCV08)
Rutgers Un
RU16
RU1
Backscattering (m-1)
Rutgers Un
Rutgers Un. O Schofield, J. Kohut, J. Kerfoot,
B. Gaas and E. Handel NAVOCEANO K. Mahoney and
M. Torres NURC A. Alvarez, S. Biagini, M.
Micheli D. Cecchi
Temperature (oC)
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Glider Tracks BP09
13 Mar
21-22 Mar
24-25 Mar
14-15-16 Mar
18-19 Mar
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Optical Instrumentation
Apparent Optical Properties
Inherent Optical Properties
LOV (FRA)
Un. Miami (USA)
LOV (FRA)
WET Labs (USA)
MHI (UKR)
Un. Miami (USA)
Satlantic (CAN)
Satlantic (CAN)
JRC (ITA)
JRC (ITA)
CHORS (USA)
NURC
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DOLPHIN (IOP) Diving OpticaL Profiler
High-speed Integration Network
DOLPHIN contains a CTD, a, b and c meters, bb
sensor (Diver Vis). Undulates down to 40 m.
WET Labs (USA)
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Intra- Inter-Pixel Variability
Optimal Sampling Strategy
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NURCs ScanFish MK II
High Res CTD bb2f ac-s
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DALEC System - Slivkoff
WET Labs (USA)
DALEC is a hyperspectral radiometer that measures
above water remote sensing reflectances. It is
valuable for algorithm development and QA/QC for
satellite-derived geophysical parameters.
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DALEC DOLPHIN Comparison
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Glider DOLPHIN Comparison
bb(particles) at 532nm 26 Oct 08
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Above Water RRSRuddick and Neukermanns
Above Water RSR (MUMM)
HyperPRO
Very different performance as function of water
type, wavelength, sea state, optical interference
from ship, sky/sun state, etc. gt interest to
compare to assess (and reduce?) uncertainties
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TSM - Ruddick Neukermanns

• TurbidityOptical measurement of the intensity of
  light scattered at 90 as a beam of light passes
  through a water sample
• Turbidity depends on
• particle concentration
• particle shape
• particle size
• particle refractive index
• Units of turbidity Nephelometric Turbidity Units
  (NTU)
• Quick (1/sample) and easy!

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IOP to AOP - Twardowski
RRS 0.0922 ltbbt/(atbbt)gt sRRS 2 (case I,
Morel and Gentili 1993)
Zaneveld et al. 2005
RRS(532) (sr-1)
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Miami Un. - Voss Gordon
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Miami Un. - Voss Gordon
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MOBY Site Comparison - Hawaii
Boussole Mooring (FRA)
NURC HyperPRO Comparison (Jun 2008)
MOBY Mooring (USA)
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Lu Uncertainties
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Q-factor Comparison
Series 1 HyperPRO Series 2 MiniPRO
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VSF Comparisons
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Aircraft Overflight - Mauri (OGS)
PAYLOAD Aisa Eagle is an high efficiency
transmissive imaging spectrograph. Throughput
practically independent of polarization. Smile
and keystone lt 2 microns Spectral
Range 400-970 nm Spectral Resolution 2.9 nm
L 146 mm, W 146 mm H 347 mm, Mass 7 kg
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Aerial Optical Sampling (17 Mar 09)
Hyperspectral acquisition offshore Massa and Pisa
(h 12.00-14.00 local time)
Thanks to Matej Cerar - pilot (JanezLet d.o.o.
company) Paolo Sterzai - acquisition (Staff
researcher OGS) ARO office in Pisa Airport ARO
office of 46th Aerobrigade (Italian Air
Force) for their cooperation.
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MERIS MODIS MATCHUPS
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Glider Data Processed on Ship
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ALF - Chekalyuk
Chekalyuk and Hafez. L) Methods 2008, 6591-609
http//aslo.org/lomethods/free/2008/index.htmlno
v
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Strathyclyde Un. - McKee
Testing Strathclyde OC4v4 variant for coastal
waters Uses optical water type discrimination to
identify mineral-rich waters
Strathclyde Variant
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Strathyclyde Un. - McKee
Testing Strathclyde K490 variant for coastal
waters Uses optical water type discrimination to
identify mineral-rich waters
Original K490
Strathclyde K490
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POSTERS
Mike Twardowski - IOP measurements and
uncertainties for ocean color RS validation. Matt
Slivkoff - Underway above water radiometry and
water column IOPs for RS validation. Jim Sullivan
- Shape of the phase function in the backward
direction for RS validation. Heidi Dierssen -
Radiative transfer results, SORTIE data. Alex
Chekalyuk - Advanced laser fluorometry improved
assessment of phytoplankton pigments and
community structure in diverse water types. Ken
Voss Howard Gordon - Inversion of AOPs to
IOPs. Griet Neukermans - Vertical variability of
IOPs and their influence on Rrs in coastal waters.
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Ligurian Sunset