Unity

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Unity Sectionalism
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Era of Good Feelings
During the presidency of James Monroe
The absence of major political divisions
The Federalist party almost disappeared after the
War of 1812, but many of their programs gained
support.
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The Era of Good Feelings didnt last very long.
Sectionalism, or loyalty to their region, divided
the country again.
Points of Contention
Slavery
Tariffs
National Bank
Internal Improvements
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John C. Calhoun
Southerner South Carolina
State Sovereignty the idea that states have
autonomous power
He thought tariffs raised the prices that they
had to pay for the manufactured goods they could
not produce for themselves.
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Daniel Webster
Northerner New Hampshire Massachusetts
Favored the Tariff of 1816 which protected
American industries from foreign competition
and other policies that he thought would
strengthen the nation and help the north.
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Westerner - Kentucky
Henry Clay
Known as a national leader who tried to resolve
sectional disputes through compromise. Creator
of the . . .
Missouri Compromise
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Missouri Compromise
Reached in March of 1820 allowed Missouri in as
a slave state and Maine as a free state. The
agreement banned slavery in the remainder of the
Louisiana Territory north of the 36030N parallel.
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The American System
Created by Henry Clay
Protective tariff
Internal improvements especially building roads
and canals
National bank to control inflation and lend money
to build developing industries.
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McCulloch v. Maryland
Read page 625 of textbook for a summary of the
case. Write the answer to the question based on
what you read.
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McCulloch v. Maryland
The court held that the necessary and proper
clause of the Constitution allows Congress to do
more than the Constitution expresses it can do.
Congress has the power to make laws that will
help it achieve its duties set forth in the
Constitution.
Gives more power to the federal government.
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Relations with Britain
Rush-Bagot Treaty both countries agreed to set
limits on the number of naval vessels each could
have on the Great Lakes.
Convention of 1818 set the boundary of the
Louisiana Territory between the U.S. and Canada
at the 49th parallel.
Americans gained the right to settle in the
Oregon Country
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Spain
April 1818 Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish East
Florida, seizing control of two Spanish forts.
This went beyond his instructions which were to
stop Seminole raids on American territory from
Florida.
Luis de Onis, the Spanish minister to the U.S.,
demanded Jackson be punished. Secretary of War
Calhoun asked for Jackson to be court-martialed
but Secretary of State John Quincy Adams
disagreed.
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Demonstrates the military strength of the U.S.
Adams - Onis Treaty
Spain gave up East and West Florida in return for
the U.S. giving up claims to Spanish Texas and
agreed to pay 5 million debt.
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Trouble for Spain
In the early 1800s Spain controlled a colonial
empire including southwestern U.S., Mexico and
Central America, and all of South America except
Brazil.
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Fight for Independence
Mexico (1810) defeated and Hidalgo is executed,
but Mexico finally gains freedom in 1821
Miguel Hidalgo
the Liberator led the movement that
eventually gained freedom of Venezuela, Colombia,
Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador.
Simon Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
Achieved independence for Chile and Peru
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Monroe Doctrine
Spain asked European countries to help them fight
against revolutionary forces in South America.
The threat of increased involvement made Monroe
nervous.
In the document he claims that the U.S. would not
interfere with any existing colonies, but would
halt any new colonies from being formed.
North and South America are henceforth not to be
considered as subjects for future colonization by
any European powers.