???? ?????? m ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??

1
??? 7

?????
??? 7
???? 1
2
?????

• ????? ???? / ????
• ????? ????????
• ?????? ??????
• ?????? ??????

???? 2
??? 7
3
????? ???? / ???? (?????? ????????)
????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????
??????? ????? ?????? ??????
???? ????
????
???? 3
??? 7
4
???? ?????
???? ?????? m ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????
??????? ???
???? 4
??? 7
5
?????????
?????????? b ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????
??-???????
???? 5
??? 7
6
??????? ?????? ????

• ???? ????? / ????????? ??????
• ?????? ????? ????
• ???? ????? ????? - ??????, ??? ????, ??????
• ??????
• ????
• ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????

???? 6
??? 7
7
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????
????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????
???? 7
??? 7
8
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? (????)
????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? Ion pairs
???? 8
??? 7
9
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? (????)
??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????
???? ?????? ?? tetrabutylammonium chloride
?????????? m1.3 ???? ?????? ??
tetrabutylammonium acetate ?????????? m132
???? 9
??? 7
10
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? (????)
????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? pH
???? 10
??? 7
11
??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? (????)
????? ????
???? ???
???? 11
??? 7
12
????? ????? ????????? ????????????
???? 12
??? 7
13
????? ?????? ????? ????????
???? 13
??? 7
14
?????
????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.
?????? ???? ?? ????? pH ?? 4.0 ? 5.8 ?????
?????? ?? 6.4 ?- 0.22 ??? ??????, ??????. ???
???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? pH ?? 7.0?
???? 14
??? 7
15
????? ???? - ??? ?????? ???
L - ????? ??? (???? ???) H - ????? ???? x - ???
??? ???? y - ??? ??? ????? ?????
L, y
L, y0
H, x0
H, x
????? ????? ?????? ????, ?? ?????? ???
?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????
???? ??? ??????
???? 15
??? 5
16
????? ???? - ??? ?????? ??? (????)
?? ?????
??
????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????
???? 16
??? 5
17
????? ??-???? (????? ?????????)
L, y1
L, y0
L, yN
1
2
3
N
H, x1
H, xN1
H, xN
H, x2
???? 17
??? 5
18
????? ?????? ????? ??-?????
????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????????
Beijerinck (1896)
???? 18
??? 7
19
????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????

• ?????? ?????
• ???????? ?????
• ???? ???? ???? ????????
• Albertsson, 1950

???? 19
??? 7
20
???? ??????
????? ???? ???????? - ?????? Bronsted
???? 20
??? 7
21
?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????

• ???? ????? - ????? pH , ??? ??? ???????
• ??????????? ?????????
• ???? ???????? ?? ?????????
• ????? ??????? - ?????? ????

???? 21
??? 7
22
??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????

• ????????? ????? ?????
• ??????? ?????
• ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????

• ??? ????? ????????
• ????? ?????? ????? ??????
• ?????? ???

???? 22
??? 7
23
????? ????? ?????? ??????Reversed Micelles
Extraction
??? amphiphile
???? 23
??? 7
24
????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????)
???? 24
??? 7
25
????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????)
???? ? pH
????? ????
????? ??? ??????
pH
???? 25
??? 7
26
????? ????? ?????? ?????? (????)
???? ?????? ????
????? ????
????? ????? ? pH ????????
????? ???
???? 26
??? 7
27
?????

• ????? ???? / ????
• ????? ????????
• ?????? ??????
• ?????? ??????
• ????? ?????? ??????

???? 27
??? 7