The Nervous System

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The Nervous System

• By Gina Giglio
• Jamie Hanson
• Sonal Khokhari

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Central Nervous System

• Composed of
• Brain
• Spinal Cord
• Controls
• Voluntary action

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Parts of the Brain

• Limbic system
• Hippocampus
• Basil Ganglia
• Midbrain
• Cerebrum
• White and gray matter

• Cerebral cortex
• Cerebellum
• Brain stem
• Hypothalamus
• Thalamus

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Nerve Cells

• Function
• Detect stimulus
• Take message to brain
• Neuron Types
• Motor Neuron
• Sensory Neuron

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Somatic Nervous System

• Connects
• Motor neurons to Central Nervous system

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Sympathetic Nervous System

• Controls
• Flight or fight response

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

• Controls
• Relaxation
• It reverses body functions
• Maintains homeostasis

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Neuron Parts and Terminology

• Axon-connects parts of neuron
• Synapse- junctions of 2 neurons
• Nerve impulse- stimulation
• Receptor- receives information
• Stimulant- causes action

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How the Nervous System Works

• Receptor nerve sensory association
• impulse neurons neurons
• Motor
  effectors
• Neuron

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Functions of the Nervous System

• Protect body from harm
• Notify body when fuel is needed
• Maintain balance
• Shut itself down for rest and recuperation
• Adapt to abuse and injury to the body
• Regulate internal functions

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The Three Parts of the Nervous System and their
functions

• Central Nervous System main switchboard
• Peripheral Nervous System communicates messages
  from central nervous system to the body
• Autonomic Nervous System regulates automatic
  body processes

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Nervous System Problems

• People with HIV have many problems
• Peripheral neuropathy
• AIDS Dementia Complex is a central nervous system
  problem
• Some causes are vitamin deficiencies, infections,
  or antiviral medication
• Combination antiviral therapy is used for
  treatment

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How they get Diseases

• Include genetic malformations, poisoning,
  inflammations, and tumors.
• This happens when the disease involves either
  nerve cells or the supporting parts.

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Diseases

• Shy Drager Syndrome
• Progressive disorder of the central and autonomic
  nervous systems.
• Parkinson
• Cerebella
• Combination
• Difficult to treat
• Anti-Parkinson medicines are helpful

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Tourettes Syndrome

• Inherited neurological disorder with
  uncontrollable vocal sounds-tics (repetition).
• Requires no medications
• Medications are available but only to specific
  symptoms

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Adrenoleukodystrophy

• Genetic disorder X linked trait
• Happens when there is a breakdown or loss of the
  myelin sheath
• Leukodystrophies cause the breakdown and loss of
  myelin sheath
• Treatment can be bone marrow transplant during
  childhood
• Also physical and psychological therapy

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Epilepsy

• Seizure disorder
• Triggers
• Hormonal changes
• Age
• Illness
• Sensory stimuli
• Unknown cause

• Treatments
• Surgery
• Anti-epileptic medications
• ACTH
• Mysoline
• Tegretal
• Ketogenetic Diet

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Stroke

• Brain damage caused by the lack of blood flow to
  the brain
• can lead to permanent damage to the brain tissue
• Permanent disability paralysis to either one or
  both sides of the body

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Fast Facts

• What constitutes death?
• Highly controversial
• Two main opinions
• Brain stem death
• Brain death
• What is a living will?
• Legal document
• States ones wishes

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Nervous System Technology

• Stroke recovery
• Stimulation
• Neural gene mapping

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Bibliography (Books)

• Gardner, Weston D.,M.D. And Odburn, William A.,
  M.M.A. Structure of the Human Body.
  Pennsylvania W.B.Saunders Company, 1973. Pg
  282.
• The Human Body. World Book Encyclopedia of
  Science. Chicago World Book Publishers Inc.
  1989.
• Mulvihill, Mary Lou. Human Diseases A
  Systematic Approach 2nd Edititon. California
  Appleton Lange, 1987. Pgs. 295-300.
• Understanding Science and Nature, Human Body.
  Time Life Publications.

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Bibliography (Internet Sorces)

• http//ask.com/main/metaAnswer.asp?metaEnginedere
  cthitoriginOmetaURLhttp3A.
• http//ask.com/main/metaAnswer.asp?tmsametaEng
  inedirecthitoriginOMetaURLhttp3A2F2Fask2.
  
• Britannica.com
• Encyclopedia.com
• http//www.epub.org.br/cm/n071fundamentosl/neuron/
  resto_i.htm
• http//faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.htm
  l
• http//hened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/Bio
  BookNERV.html
• http//grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-M
  H-00-002.html

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Bibliography(Continued)

• http//www.jfkhealthworld.org/livingGod/nervsys.ht
  m
• http//uwlaz.edu/Bioogy/facultu/Maken/nerve2/sld00
  1.htm
• http//www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disord
  ers/stroke.htm
• http//www.niehs.nih.gov/kids/brain.htm
• http//perth.uwlax.edu/Biology/faculty/maken/nerve
  2/sld001.htm
• http//library.thinkquest.org/10348/find/content/n
  ervous.html
• http//pegasus.cc.ucf.edu/Brainmd1/pituita.html
• wwww.uslivingwillregistry.com/faq.shml

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